溶瘤病毒诱导肿瘤凋亡及激活抗肿瘤免疫机制的研究进展

恶性肿瘤被认为是细胞不受控制的生长和增殖。肿瘤细胞为避免被清除,形成多种自我保护机制,其中包括对细胞凋亡的抵抗,以及通过影响免疫系统形成的免疫逃逸。这使得肿瘤细胞具有很强的增殖能力,并产生高度的侵袭、转移倾向。部分肿瘤患者,在接受治疗时,效果并不理想或在治疗后,仍然出现复发、转移的情况。因此,新的治疗方式的研发是当务之急。溶瘤病毒的发现为恶性肿瘤的治疗提供了新思路。随着对溶瘤病毒的深入研究,人们发现溶瘤病毒可以通过多种机制发挥抗肿瘤作用,除了在肿瘤细胞中复制、引起肿瘤细胞的裂解,还能够诱导肿瘤细胞发生凋亡。此外,溶瘤病毒通过激活免疫细胞从而,启动抗肿瘤免疫应答并改变肿瘤细胞周围的免疫微环境来发挥长效的抗肿瘤作用,并抑制未感染病毒的肿瘤细胞。溶瘤病毒能够同时针对细胞凋亡以及机体抗肿瘤免疫发挥作用使其可以有效地对抗肿瘤细胞的凋亡抵抗和免疫逃避,使得它作为潜在的抗肿瘤治疗方式受到广泛关注。本文旨在介绍溶瘤病毒通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡以及激活免疫系统进而发挥抗肿瘤作用的相关研究进展。

Research progress in the mechanism of oncolytic virus inducing tumor apoptosis and activating anti-tumor immunity

Malignant tumor is considered as the uncontrolled growth and reproduction of cells.In order to avoid being eliminated,tumor cells form a variety of self-protection mechanisms,including resistance to apoptosis and immune escape by affecting the immune system.This makes tumor cells that have a strong ability to proliferate and have a high tendency of invasion and metastasis.Some patients,in the treatment,the effect is not ideal or after treatment,still appears recurrence and metastasis.Therefore,the research and development of new treatment methods are an urgent task.The discovery of oncolytic virus provides a new idea for the treatment of malignant tumors.With the deepening of the research on oncolytic virus,it is found that oncolytic virus can play an anti-tumor role through a variety of mechanisms.In addition to replicating in tumor cells and causing tumor cell lysis,it can also induce tumor cell apoptosis.Besides,oncolytic virus can activate immune cells,initiate anti-tumor immune response and change the immune microenvironment around tumor cells,which can play a long-term anti-tumor effect and inhibit uninfected tumor cells.Oncolytic virus plays a role in both cell apoptosis and anti-tumor immunity,which can effectively resist apoptosis and immune evasion of tumor cells,making a potential anti-tumor therapy.This article aims to introduce the research progress of oncolytic virus through inducing tumor cell apoptosis and activating immune system.