Relaxant effects of different fractions of essential oil from Carum copticum on guinea pig tracheal chains

In previous studies, the relaxant and anticholinergic (functional antagonism), histamine(H1) inhibitory, and xanthine-like activity effect of Carum copticum have been demonstrated on guinea pig tracheal chains. To investigate the effective component(s) of this plant, responsible for the observed bronchodilatory effect, fractionation of the essential oil from Carum copticum was carried out and the relaxant effects of different fractions were examined in this study. The bronchodilatory effect of different fractions of essential oil from Carum copticum and theophylline in comparison with ethanol was examined by their relaxant effects on precontracted tracheal chains of guinea pig by 60 mM KCl (group 1) and 10 microM methacholine in two different conditions including: non-incubated tissues (group 2) and incubated tissues with 1 microM propranolol and 1 microM chlorpheniramine (group 3). In addition the relaxant effect of carvacrol was also examined on precontracted tracheal chains of guinea pig by 10 microM methacholine (group 4), (for each group, n = 5). In group 1 experiments, only theophylline and fraction 2 showed significant relaxant effect compared to that of ethanol. Fraction 2 and 3 of essential oil from carum copticum showed potent and volume (concentration) dependent relaxant effects comparable to that of theophylline in groups 2 and 3 experiments. The relaxant effects of different volumes of these two fractions were significantly higher than that of ethanol (p < 0.05 to p < 0.002 ). The volumes of fraction 1 showed relatively small relaxant effects in groups 2 and 3 experiments which were not significantly different from that of ethanol. However, the relaxant effect of different volumes of fractions 2 and 3 obtained in group 2 experiments were not significantly different from those of group 3 experiments. The volumes of fraction 4 did not show any relaxant effects. In addition volumes of carvacrol also showed comparable relaxant effect with those of fraction 2 and theophylline which was significantly greater than that of ethanol. These results indicate that the relaxant effect of essential oil from carum copticum is mainly due to its fraction 2 which is presumably carvacrol and to lesser extent due to fraction 3, and their relaxant effects are not due to anticholinergic or beta-adrenegic stimulatory effects.