肾移植患者感染的病原学和抗菌药物应用情况分析

目的：了解肾移植患者感染的病原学和抗菌药物应用情况。方法：对肾移植患者的病历资料进行收集，分析各例患者术后感染情况、病原菌分布及抗菌药物应用情况。结果：感染主要发生在术后前3个月，病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主，常伴真菌混合感染。肾移植患者抗菌药物使用率为100．0％，存在用药时间长、剂量大、档次高等问题。结论：感染是肾移植患者不可避免的问题，高耐药性细菌与真菌的混合感染是导致移植患者术后死亡的重要原因之一。

Analysis of the Etiology of Infection and Application of Antibacterial Agents in Renal Transplant Patients

Objective： To analyze the etiology of infection and the application of antibacterial agents in renal transplant recipients. Methods： The clinical data of renal transplant recipients was collected and the post-operative infections of individuals, the distribution of pathogens and the application of antibacterial agents were analyzed. Results： Infections commonly occurred within 3 months after renal transplantation. The pathogens were mainly gram-negative bacilli （G）, often with mixed infection of fungi. The antibacterials were used in all the patients after renal transplantation. There were problems in the application of antibacterial agents such as over-protracted use of drugs, massive doses and a high grade of medicines. Conclusion： Infection was an inevitable issue in the patients after the renal transplantation. The mixed infections with fungi and the bacteria resistance to antibacterial agents were one of the main causes leading to death.