2D和3D MRI结合技术在胰腺癌诊断中的应用

目的探讨多种MRI成像技术和改良增强扫描方案在胰腺癌诊断中的价值。方法对49例胰腺癌患者进行MRI检查,平扫序列分别为T1WI 2D快速小角度单次激发(FLASH)、T1WI 3D屏气容积内插法(VIBE)脂肪抑制、快速自旋回波(TSE)T2WI和T2WI半傅立叶转换单次激发快速自旋回波(HASTE)脂肪抑制MR胰胆管成像(MRCP);增强扫描方法为3D FLASH冠状位与T1WI 3D VIBE横断位交替扫描方式,即动脉期和门静脉期采用冠状位扫描,胰腺期和延迟期采用横断位扫描;最后采用T1WI 2D FLASH完成整个上腹部扫描。冠状位原始图像经最大信号强度投影(MIP)分别获得胰腺周围主要动脉和门静脉影像,用多平面重建技术获得胰腺及周围组织动脉期和门静脉期图像。结果(1)在3D VIBE平扫中,45例肿瘤为低信号,4例为等信号;在2D FLASH序列中,46例肿瘤为低信号,3例为等信号;脂肪抑制TSE T2WI 3例肿瘤为等信号,其余46例均为等和略高信号,并与周围胰腺实质均无明显分界。(2)胰腺期增强扫描,除1例肿瘤为等信号外,其余均呈相对低信号,39例肿瘤周围呈环形强化,其中24例肿瘤门静脉期及延迟期可见边缘结节样和内部分隔样强化。6例延迟强化呈等和略高信号。动脉期肿瘤均未见明显强化。(3)37例手术探查的患者,MRI 磁共振血管成像(MRA)误诊7条血管,包括3例肠系膜上动脉和4例肠系膜上静脉,其余血管均判断正确。结论应用2D和3D MRI结合技术1次检查即可同时了解胰腺肿瘤、胰胆管和血管等多系统的情况,对胰腺癌的术前诊断和手术切除性判断有重要价值。

Evaluation of 2D and 3D MRI imaging in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma

Objective To evaluate various kinds of sequences and modified dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI methods in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Methods Forty-nine pancreatic carcinoma patients proved by histopathology or clinical examination and follow-up underwent MR examination. Plain MR sequences included: T1-weighted 2D FLASH*********,T1WI 3D VIBE*********,TSE T2WI and HASTE with FS. Modified dynamic contrast-enhanced scanning procedures were coronal scaning with 3D FLASH and axial scaning using T1WI 3D VIBE sequences in turn for the upper abdominal area and pancreatic area. The coronal imaging were used to obtain 3D peripancreatic vessels during arterial phase and portal vein phase scanning, respectively. The axial imaging were used to detect the tumor in pancreatic parenchymal phase and delayed phase scanning, respectively. Final scanning for the whole upper abdomen was performed using T1 WI 2D FLASH axial sequence. Results (1) Of 49 lesions in these patients, 45 showed hypo-intensity and 4 iso-intensity on 3D VIBE. Forty-six lesions showed hypo-intensity and 3 iso-intensity on 2D FLASH. On TSE T2 FS, lesion contour was not clear enough; 3 of them displayed iso-intensity , the other showed iso- or hyper-intensity. (2) During pancreatic parenchymal phase, 48 lesions showed hypo-intensity and 39 ring enhancement. Twenty-four lesions displayed marginal tubercle and inner compartment enhancement during portal vein and delayed phase. Six lesions showed iso- or hyper-intensity in delayed phase. (3 ) Thirty-seven patients underwent surgical exploration. MRI and MRA had a good correlation with surgical findings for peripancreatic vessels which were diagnosed as being invasive or non-invasive by tumors except three superior mesenteric arteries and four superior mesenteric veins being misdiagnosed. Conclusion As "one-stop-shop" MRI examination, modified MRI sequences consisting of dynamic coronal and axial contrast-enhanced scanning is feasible and helpful in diagnosing, staging and assessing the resectability for pancreatic carcinoma.