Systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical features in patients with a disease duration of over 10 years, first evaluation. |
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| Authors: | A J Swaak H G van den Brink R J Smeenk K Manger J R Kalden S Tosi A Marchesoni Z Domljan B Rozman D Logar G Pokorny L Kovacs A Kovacs P G Vlachoyiannopoulos H M Moutsopoulos H Chwalinska-Sadowska B Dratwianka E Kiss N Cikes A Branimir M Schneider R Fischer S Bombardieri M Mosca J S Smolen |
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| Affiliation: | Department of Rheumatology, Zuiderzeikenhuis, Groene Hilledijk, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. |
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| Abstract: | OBJECTIVE: Most information available about the disease course of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is restricted to the first 5 yr after disease onset. Data about the disease course 10 yr after disease onset are rare. The aim of this multicentre study was to describe the outcome of SLE patients with a disease duration of >10 yr. METHODS: Outcome parameters were the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), the European Consensus Lupus Activity Measure (ECLAM), the Systemic Lupus International Collaborative Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SLICC/ACR), a global damage index (DI) and required treatment. In 10 different European rheumatology centres, all SLE patients who were evaluated in the last 3 months of 1994, and who had been diagnosed with SLE at least 10 yr ago, were included in the study. RESULTS: It should be stressed that our results are confined to a patient cohort, defined by a disease duration of at least 10 yr, and who are still under clinical care at the different centres in Europe. These SLE patients still showed some disease activity, related to symptoms of the skin and musculoskeletal systems, next to the presence of renal involvement. A total of 72% of the patients needed treatment with prednisolone (
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