辅助生殖技术中发生枯萎卵的影响因素

目的 探究辅助生殖技术(ART)妊娠妇女中枯萎卵的发生率和影响因素.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月~2015年12月在南方医科大学南方医院生殖中心行体外受精-胚胎移植临床妊娠共2378例,包括早期胚胎停育和同期单胎活产,其中胚胎停育根据有无胎芽分为胎芽组和枯萎卵组.比较枯萎卵组、胎芽组和活产组3组间基本信息,如女方年龄、男方年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、基础窦卵泡数(AFC)、基础卵泡刺激素(bFSH)、bFSH/bLH比值、不孕年限、促性腺激素(Gn)用量及Gn天数、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)注射日雌二醇值、移植日内膜厚度、获卵数、移植优胚率、移植后10~14 d血清β-hCG值、不孕类型和流产次数,以及不同移植周期、胚胎类型、不孕因素、受精方式间枯萎卵发生率的比较.结果 枯萎卵组的双方年龄、BMI、不孕年限、不孕类型、流产次数和活产组有显著性差异;β-hCG在枯萎卵组<胎芽组<活产组(P=0.000);囊胚移植较卵裂期胚胎显著增加枯萎卵的发生率(11.6%vs 5.6%,P=0.000);3组间其他参数无统计学差异(P>0.05);经多因素Logistic回归分析,女方年龄、β-hCG和囊胚移植是枯萎卵发生的危险因素.结论 女方高龄、血清β-hCG下降和囊胚移植增加枯萎卵发生的风险,枯萎卵的发生可能和早期胚胎发育的基因印记错误有关.

Blighted ovum in subfertile patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology

Objective To explore the incidence and risk factors of blighted ovum in subfertile patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART). Methods This retrospective analysis was conducted among 2378 patients who were pregnant following embryo transfer at our center from January, 2012 to December, 2015, including cases of early pregnancy losses and simultaneous live births. The cases with early pregnancy losses were divided into embryonic pregnancy and blighted ovum groups based on the presence or absence of an embryonic pole before dilation and curettage. The clinical data of the 3 groups were analyzed for comparisons of the maternal age, paternal age, BMI, AFC, basal FSH, bFSH/bLH, duration of infertility, Gn dosage, Gn days, serum estradiol on the day of HCG administration, endometrium thickness, number of oocyte retrieved, proportion of high-quality embryos transferred, serum β-HCG value on the 10th to 14th days of embryo transfer, infertility type and miscarriage times. The incidences of blighted ovum were compared between cases with different cycles, embryo stages, infertile factors and methods of fertilization. Results Maternal age and paternal age, BMI, duration of infertility, infertility type and miscarriage times differed significantly between cases with blighted ovum and those with live births. Serum β-HCG level was the lowest in blighted ovum group followed by embryonic pregnancy group and then by live birth group. Blastocyst transfer was associated with a significantly higher incidence of blighted ovum as compared with cleavage embryo transfer (11.6%vs 5.6%, P=0.000). No significant difference was found in the other parameters among the 3 groups (P>0.05). Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that maternal age,β-HCG level and blastocyst transfer were risk factors of blighted ovum. Conclusion Advanced maternal age, low β-HCG level and blastocyst transfer may increase the risk of blighted ovum possibly in association with gene imprinting errors during the early stage of embryo development.