临床医学应届毕业生对儿童食物过敏认知度的调查分析

目的探讨临床医学应届毕业生对儿童食物过敏的认知度及其影响因素。方法采用方便抽样方法对辽宁某一类医学高校与河南某二类医学高校共230名2019年度临床医学应届毕业生,针对儿童食物过敏的认知度通过微信扫描二维码进行电子问卷调查。应用χ²检验及频数分析对两组调查数据进行统计学处理。结果230名临床医学应届毕业生参与“儿童食物过敏相关知识问卷调查”,回收有效问卷228份,回收率为99.13%。平均得分(41.15±10.25)分。河南某二类高校104名学生平均得分(39.44±9.93)分,辽宁某一类高校124名学生平均得分(42.58±10.32)分,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。参加过食物过敏相关培训或讲座的学生平均得分(45.65±13.89)分,未参加组的平均得分(40.72±9.76)分,低于参加组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。家人、朋友曾有食物过敏史的学生平均得分(41.60±10.39)分,家人、朋友无食物过敏史组平均得分(40.85±10.18)分,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论两所高等医学院校临床应届毕业生对儿童食物过敏认知度整体不高,学校类别以及是否参加相关培训讲座影响学生认知度。我们认为医学高校或教学医院应实行相应的教学改革,加强对临床医学生儿童食物过敏的临床教育,并开展相关的培训和讲座。

The Investigation and Analysis of Cognition of Children’s Food Allergy in Clinical Medical Graduates

Objective To investigate the cognition and its influential factors of children's food allergy in clinical medical graduates.Methods In May 2019,a convenient sampling method was used to conduct an electronic questionnaire on the cognition of children's food allergies in first-class of medical college in Liaoning and a secondclass medical college in He’nan.Theχ²test and frequency analysis were used to compare the two sets of survey data.Results 230 graduates of clinical medicine participated in the“Children's Food Allergy Related Knowledge Questionnaire”,and 228 valid questionnaires were collected,with an average score(41.15±10.25);The average score of 124 students in a classⅡuniversity in He’nan is(39.44±9.93),124 students in a first-class university in Liaoning,the score(42.58±10.32)is higher than the score of a second-class university in Henan Province,the difference is statistically significant(P<0.05).Students who participated in food allergy related training or lectures scored(45.65±13.89),and those who did not participate in the group(40.72±9.76)were lower than the participating group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The score of students or family members and friends who had a history of food allergies(41.60±10.39),the score of the family or friends without food allergy history group(40.85±10.18),lower than the group with food allergy history,but the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion The cognition of children's food allergies in the two higher medical school is not high.The school level and whether or not to participate in relevant training lectures affect students'cognition.It is necessary to carry out corresponding teaching reforms,and relevant training or lectures on children's food allergy.