Increased food intake after opioid microinjections into nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area of rat |
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| Authors: | Ronald F. Mucha Susan D. Iversen |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. Canada;2. Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge U.K.;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de technologie supérieure, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;2. Institut de recherche d’Hydro-Québec, Varennes, Quebec, Canada;1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Art & Sciences, Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey;2. Sorgun Vocational School, Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey;3. Department of Studies in Physics, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, India;4. Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja’s College, University of Mysore, Mysore 570005, India;5. Department of Physics, Faculty of Art & Sciences, Erzincan University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey;1. Department of Psychobiology, University of Granada, Campus Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain;2. Department of Psychobiology, National Distance Education University (UNED), C/ Juan del Rosal 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain;1. Department of Psychobiology, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain;2. Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The nucleus accumbens (ACC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), two areas believed to subserve reinforcement and increases in locomotor activity produced by opioid microinjections, were examined for their involvement in opioid-produced changes in ingestive behavior. Opioids were infused bilaterally, and food and water intakes were measured for 1 h thereafter. Different morphine doses were administered and, with placements in globus pallidus and lateral ventricles as controls for diffusion, it was found that only ACC and VTA microinjections (0.1-10 nmol) produced dose-related increases in food intake. In both the ACC and VTA low doses of morphine also produced increases in water intake while in ACC high doses produced a decrease. Administration of morphine and an enkephalin analogue (Tyr-D-Met-Gly-Phe(4-NO2)-Pro-NH2) at different depths in the ACC indicated that the increase in food intake occurred at a site separate from that of the decrease in water intake. Using levorphanol, dextrorphan and morphine mixed with naloxone, it was shown that the effects were due to activation of opioid receptors. Additional experiments demonstrated that food intake is increased by ACC morphine under different levels of deprivation, with different times of testing and with availabilities of various goal objects in addition to food. The effect also did not appear to undergo development of tolerance or sensitization. It was concluded that there are sites in the ACC and VTA where increased activity of endogenous opioid peptide systems reliably increase food intake and it was hypothesized that these sites may contribute to changes in ingestive behavior after systemic morphine administration. Also, together with other effects produced by opioid microinjections into the ACC and VTA, the present findings suggest that increased opioid activity in these areas produce a pattern of behaviors similar to that produced in normal animals by food conditioned stimuli. |
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| Keywords: | Motivation Food intake Water intake Opioid Morphine Accumbens Ventral tegmental area Microinjection |
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