男性服刑住院精神病患者自杀行为的管理对策

目的掌握男性服刑住院精神病患者的自杀行为特点,以提出相应的护理对策。方法回顾性分析31例男性服刑住院精神病患者自杀行为方式、次数、疾病的类别和病期、刑期、罪型、既往自杀史、自杀原因等资料。结果本组患者中自杀方式为撞头撞墙16例次、吞服异物7例次、咬手咬舌5例次、割腕割脖3例次、自缢3例次。其中抑郁症16例,占52%;反应性精神病(拘禁性精神障碍)6例,占19%;精神分裂症3例,占9%;癫痫所致精神障碍3例,占9%;其他3例,占9%。刑期5年以下6例,占19%;5～10年7例,占23%;10年以上11例,占36%;无期徒刑2例,占6%;死刑缓期执行5例,占16%。暴力型罪18例,占58%;财产型罪6例,占19%;运输贩卖毒品罪2例,占7%;性型罪2例,占7%;其他3例占9%。入院前,在监狱服刑期间有割腕自杀史6例次、刺腹自杀史4例次、吞服异物史5例次、撞头撞墙撞玻璃史6例次、触电源史2例次、藏药史1例次、咬手史1例次、自缢史1例次。结论服刑住院精神病患者自杀行为具有冲动性、威协性、情绪性,做好风险的评估,细心观察、重点防范,认真执行安全管理制度,帮助建立社会支持系统,做好心理护理,可有效防止自杀行为的发生。

Countermeasures of Suicide Behaviors in Male Prison Inpatients with Mental Disorders

Objective To master the characteristics of suicide behaviors in male prison inpatients with mental disorders so as to put forward the corresponding nursing countermeasures. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 31 cases of mental illness on patterns and frequency of suicide behaviors, disease categories, disease period, sentence, sin type, previous suicide history and causes of suicide. Results The suicide patterns of the 31 patients involved Hiring his head against the wall（n= 16）, swallowing foreign bodies （n = 7）, biting the hand and tongue （n = 5 ）, cutting the wrist and neck （n = 3） and self-hanging （n = 3 ）. Of all the mental disorders, depression （n = 16 ）, reactive psychosis （ detention disorder） （ n = 6 ）, schizophrenia（n=3） ,mental disorders due to epilepsy （n=3） and other abnormalcontions（n=3） accouted for 52 %, 19 %, 9 %, 9 %, and 9 %, respectively. As to the sentences, less than 5-year sentence（n = 6）, 5-19 year sentence（n = 7）, more 10-year sentence（n = 11）, life imprisonment（n=2） and death penalty with suspension of execution （n = 5） accounted for 19%, 23%, 36%, 6% and 16%, respectively. As to criminal types,violent crime（n= 18） ,property-type crime（n=6） transport of drug trafficking crimes（n=2） ,sexual crime（n= 2） and other crimes accouted for 58%,19%,7%,7% and 9%,respectively. Before administration,suicide behaviors were listed as follows, cutting wrist suicide （n=6）,abdominal stab suicide（n=4）, swallowing foreign objects（n= 5）, Hiring head on the glass or wall（n= 6）, Touching the power（n= 2）, hiding drugs（n= 1）,hand bitting（n= 1） and strangulation with a rope（n= 1）. Conclusion The suicide behaviors in prison inpatients with mental illness were characterized by impulsiveness, minacity and emotionality. To prevent suicide behaviors, more focus should be attached to proper risk assessment, careful observa- tion, focused prevention, earnest implementation of the safety management system, assisstance to build socialsupport systems and psychological nursing.