贫困农村地区家庭储水风险因素调查分析与对策

目的了解贫困农村地区家庭储水卫生现状，探讨确保农村家庭储水安全的措施和对策。方法用分层多阶段随机抽样法调查甘谷县10个乡镇20个行政村600户居民的家庭储水和饮用水水源情况，对256份水样进行17个项目水质检测。结果农村家庭储水风险因素涉及到从水源到用户的各个环节。集中式供水设施未建立水源保护区、水源范围内未设置明显防护标志等；分散式供水取水点附近存在污染源，防护措施的不足，家庭储水存在二次污染的风险。水质检测中微生物指标不合格率高达75．0％以上。分散式供水水质状况低于集中式供水水质。结论农村家庭储水卫生和饮水安全亟需改善。

The Investigation and Countermeasures to Family Water's Risk Factors in Poor Rural Area

OBJECTIVES To understand the present situation of family water in poor rural area and to discuss the measures and the countermeasures to ensure rural family water＇ s security. METHODS Using the method of multi-stage＇ s random samplings to investigate the situation of family water and potable water＇s head of 20 administrative villages＇ 600 residents in 10 townships of Gangu Country. For 256 water samples, this paper tests the water＇s quality through 17 projects. RESULTS The risk factors of rureal family water cover every links from waterhead to consumers. For example, centralized water facilities have not established the waterhead reserve; obvious protection symbol has not been set up within the waterhead and so on. Besides, there is pollution source in the vicinity of water intake of decentralized water. Protection measures are not enough. Family water exists the risk of secondary pollution. In the water quality＇s examination, the acceptance rate of microorganism target reaches as low as 75.0%. In the result, the water quality of decentralized water is lower than that of centralized water. CONCLUSIONS The rural family water＇s health and the potable water security need to be improved urgently.