Gaseous transmitters in human retinogenesis |
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| Authors: | Sergei G. Kalinichenko Natalya Yu. Matveeva Igor I. Pushchin |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Pacific State Medical University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia;2. Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Marine Biology, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia |
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| Abstract: | Endogenous gaseous transmitters (nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulphide) form a special neuromodulation system mediating the development and modification of nerve centers. Here, we examined the localization of key gaseous transmitter enzymes: cystathionine β-synthetase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), heme oxygenase 2 (HO-2), and constitutive NO synthase (nNOS) in the fetal human retina at different stages of development. The number of CBS- and CSE-positive photoreceptors and intermediate retinal neurons was high in trimester I and gradually decreased to the end of trimester III. The number of HO-2-positive cells followed the same trend. The number of nNOS-positive intermediate retinal neurons and neurons within the ganglion cell layer showed the opposite dynamics with the peak in trimester III. The results are interpreted in terms of the role of gaseous transmitters in retinogenesis and cytoprotection. |
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| Keywords: | Corresponding author at: National Scientific Center of Marine Biology FEB RAS, 17 Palchevskogo Street, Vladivostok 690041, Russia. GT gaseous transmitters NO nitric oxide CO carbon monoxide hydrogen sulphide CBS cystathionine β-synthetase CSE cystathionine γ-lyase HO-2 heme oxygenase 2 nNOS constitutive nitric oxide synthase PBS phosphate buffer saline PhL photoreceptor layer ONL outer nuclear layer OPL outer plexiform layer INL inner nuclear layer IPL inner plexiform layer GCL ganglion cell layer NFL nerve fiber layer Neurogenesis Gaseous transmitters Cystathionine β-synthetase Cystathionine γ-lyase Heme oxygenase 2 Constitutive NO synthase |
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