浅论民国时期针灸教材中毫针刺法

通过收集整理20部民国时期针灸教材中的毫针刺法内容,分析进针法、补泻法、针刺异常情况处理以及手技、注痛法等毫针操作技术,发现民国时期针灸教材处于传统针术向现代针术的转变时期,将捻入作为进针过程中的主要手法,完成了对于管针进针法的引进及简化;出现新式补泻理论及方法;所载针刺异常情况种类与现在相异,并未形成全国适用的操作规范。《高等针灸学讲义·针治学灸治学》《中国针灸学讲义》《新针灸学》等是当时影响力较大的教材。民国时期的针灸教材受到针灸教育模式转变、汉译日本针灸医籍传入、针灸大家学术思想、针具制作工艺等因素的影响。

Discussion on the needling technique with filiform needle in acupuncture-moxibustion teaching materials in the Republic of China

Through collecting the literature data of the needling technique with filiform needle in 20 acupuncture-moxibustion teaching materials in the Republic of China,the manipulation techniques with filiform needle were analyzed,such as the technique of needle insertion,the technique of reinforcing and reducing,and the management of acupuncture abnormal conditions,as well as manual techniques and analgesics methods.It is found that the era of the Republic of China was the transition period of traditional acupuncture techniques to the modern ones in acupuncture-moxibusti on teaching materials,in which,the twirling technique was predominated in the technique of needle insertion.In that period,the insertion technique of tube needle had been introduced and simplified,the theory and method of the new-style technique of reinforcing and reducing were emerged and the types of acupuncture abnormal conditions recorded in the teaching materials were different from those at present.Additionally,the applicable manipulation had not been specified nationally.There were the highly influential teaching materials,i.e.Advanced Acupuncture and Moxibustion Teaching Materials:Science of Acupuncture and Science of Moxibustion,Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion Teaching Materials and New Acupuncture and Moxibustion.The acupuncture-moxibustion teaching materials in the Republic of China has been influenced by the transition of acupuncture-moxibustion education modes,the introduction of Chinese-translation version of Japanese acupuncture-moxibustion books,the academic thoughts of acupuncture masters and the manufacturing process of needle devices.