中国城区0～7岁儿童单纯肥胖症流行病学调查

1986年对中国八个主要大城市(北京、哈尔滨、西安、南京、上海、武汉、福州、昆明)167,065名儿童进行单纯性肥胖症流行病学调查。以“中国相对营养良好人群身高标准体重值”为标准,大于20％者为肥胖(除外继发性肥胖)。总检出率为0.91％(男性0.93％,女性0.90％)。北方高1.76％,南方低0.42％。生后0～3月和4～5岁出现单纯肥胖症的两个检出高峰。 人工喂养、过早添加固体食物(生后1～2个月内)、断奶早及过量喂养是促进肥胖形成的一种喂养模式。主食量和肉食量高,水果量低,室内活动量少是形成单纯肥胖的一种生活模式。低收入家庭是今后一段时期内持续产生肥胖儿童的一个来源,家长的动机因素对肥胖儿的超量喂养起着重要影响。溺爱是一个不可忽视的因素。我国传统的重男轻女的社会习俗和某些文化观念(如过度约束儿童活动)是造成男童重度肥胖检出率高的一个不可低估的动机因素。 在我国目前经济、文化和卫生保健水平下,出生体重对年长期单纯肥胖症形成的予告意义相对较低。单纯肥胖症对学龄前期儿童血压升高的子告意义不大。 作者认为单纯肥胖症已构成我国儿童生长发育中一个值得注意的健康问题。应加强对人群营养学知识、科学喂养和合理的生活安排的指导教育。

THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY ON OBESITY OF CHILDREN 0-7 YEARS OLD IN URBAN AREA IN CHINA

The first national epidemiologic survey of obesity of children 0-7 years old in urban area in China was conducted in 1986. A sampling size was 167,065 of eight main cities representing North, Middle and South of China (The cities are: Beijin, Harbin, Xian, Nanjing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Fuzhou and Kunming). The definiton of obesity is that the weight for height of children is more than 20% of the weight for height of relatively well-nourished reference population of China. The prevalence is 0.9% (boy 0.93%, girl 0.90%). The geographical contribution of prevalence is 1.76% in North, 0.89% in Middle, 0.42% in South. The criteria period of obesity is 0-3 months and 4-5 years after birth.Bottle feeding, early introducing solid food (1-2 months after birth), early weaning and overfeeding are "obesiogenic" feeding pattern. Overeating much meat and less fruit and less activity in room are"obesiogenic"life pattern.It is estimated that the resourse of obese children will mainly" come from low income family in future. Parents' attitude plays an important role in aspect of overfeeding of obese children.The factor of spoiling children can not be ignored in etiology of obesity in childhood. The Chinese traditional social custom and cultural philosophy such as children's activity always being limited can result in higher prevalence of severe obesity in boys.Under the situation of economic, cultural and child health care service in China, now, the birth weight is not a good indicator of obesity in late life. Obesity in preschool children is not associated with hypertension.The author indicated that obesity has become a health problem of children in China. Attention should be focused on the popular health education on nutrition knowledge and changing the unresonable feeding pattern and life style.