恶性血液病患者骨髓抑制期医院感染调查分析及对策

目的探讨恶性血液病患者骨髓抑制期医院感染情况，分析原因并提出对策。方法采用回顾性调查的方法对305例恶性血液病患者进行调查，了解患者是否出现医院感染及感染的部位、病原菌等，并对数据进行统计学分析。结果恶性血液病患者骨髓抑制期医院感染率为67．87％，以呼吸道及口腔感染为主；病原菌主要以革兰氏阴性菌（G^-）、革兰氏阳性菌（G^＊）及真菌为主；骨髓抑制期越长感染率越高，其差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论恶性血液病患者化疗后骨髓抑制期是医院感染的易感人群，医护人员应采用合理预防感染的措施，以便降低医院感染发生率。

Causes of hospital infection of patients with malignant hematologic diseases in marrow inhibitory period and the countermeasures

Objective To probe into the hospital infection of patients with malignant hematologic diseases （MHD） in marrow inhibitory period, analyze the causes and put forward the countermeasures. Method The retrospective investigation was made to study among the 305 MHD patients the situations of hospital infection, infection site, pathogenic bacteria, total white blood cells and duration of hospitalization. A statistical analysis was also made on all of the data. Results The rate of hospital infection of the MHD patients in marrow inhibitory period was 67.87%. The respiratory tract infection took the lead. The major pathogenic bacteria were G^-, G^＊ and fungus, The longer the marrow inhibitory period, the higher the infection rate. The difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions The MHD patients in post-chemotherapy marrow inhibitory period are susceptible to hospital infection. The nursing personnel shall perform the reasonable nursing care to lower the incurrence of hospital infection.