镇江市5岁以下腹泻住院儿童病毒性腹泻感染状况研究

目的了解镇江市5岁以下腹泻住院儿童病毒性腹泻感染状况,为制定儿童病毒性腹泻的预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法收集2007年10月～2008年9月镇江城区和农村5岁以下腹泻住院儿童的粪便标本517份,进行轮状病毒（rotavirus,RV）、杯状病毒（humancali civirus,HuCV）、腺病毒（adenovirus,AdeV）及星状病毒（astrovirus,AstV）病原检测,得到4种病原的阳性率、三间分布和RV的毒株分型情况。结果 517份合格粪便标本,总体阳性率为38.68%,城区儿童病毒性腹泻阳性率明显高于农村地区（P〈0.05）。4种病原阳性率从高到低依次排序：RV为21.47%、AstV为16.83%、HuCV为8.12%、AdeV为1.35%、混合感染22.5%,以RV混合其他病毒感染为主,占82.22%（37/45）。城区与农村的病原谱不一致,城区AstV和混合感染阳性率明显高于农村地区,而农村地区的RV、AdeV阳性率高于城区,HuCV阳性率两地区无明显差异。4种肠道病毒阳性率最高的月份依次为11月、10月、12月、1月,高峰期阳性率为69.50%。13～24月龄患儿病毒性腹泻阳性率较其他年龄组高。结论镇江市城区病毒性腹泻的阳性率较农村地区高,两地区的病原谱不一致。秋冬季节是镇江市病毒性腹泻的高发季节,其病原以轮状病毒为主。

The investigation on infection of the children under 5 years in hospital with viral diarrhea in Zhenjiang City

Objective To investigate the infection of the children under 5 years in hospital with viral diarrhea in Zhenjiang City,and provide scientific basis for prevention and control for the future development of children with viral diarrhea. Methods From October,2007 to September,2008,a total of 517 stool specimen from the children under 5 years in hospital with viral diarrhea in the urban and rural of Zhenjiang City were collected for this study. Rotavirus （RV）,human calicivirus （HuCV）,adenovirus （Adev） and astrovirus （AstV） were determined for the positive rate of pathogens by the four,three of the strain distribution and RV type situation. Results Among the 517 cases,the total positive rate of was 38.68%,and the positive rate of urban children with viral diarrhea was significantly higher than in rural areas （P0.05）. The positive rate of the four pathogens in the order of：RV 21.47%,AstV 16.83%,HuCV 8.12%,AdeV 1.35%. The positive rate of mixed infection was 22.5%. RV infections,to mix with other viral infection,accounted for 82.22% （37/45） in the mixed infection. The pathogen profile between urban and rural areas was inconsistent. AstV and mixed infection positive rate in urban areas was significantly higher than in rural areas,RV and AdeV positive rate in rural areas was higher than in urban areas,and HuCV positive rate was not significantly different between the two areas. The highest of four months of the positive rate of intestinal virus,were November,October,December and January. The peak positive rate was 69.50%. The positive rate from 13 to 24 months age group was higher than other age groups. Conclusions The positive rate of the children under 5 years in hospital with viral diarrhea in urban areas was higher than in rural areas in Zhenjiang City. Autumn and winter were the high seasons for viral diarrhea. RV was the dominant pathogen.