某三甲医院2009～2011年506例食管癌危险因素调查分析

目的调查某院食管癌的发病情况和危险因素,为有关部门制定肿瘤预防措施提供依据。方法采用回顾性调查方法对某院2009年1月至2011年9月经病理学检查确诊的506例食管癌住院患者,分别按性别、年龄、职业等进行分类统计分析。结果男性患者占79.84%,女性患者占20.16%,男∶女=3.96∶1,高发年龄为50～59岁,所占比为43.48%。干部和工人的患病例数明显低于农民,文化程度高发病率低。食管癌发生在食管上部和中部居多,以鳞癌为主,苏北地区为高发地区,家族癌症史、吸烟可以增加患食管癌的风险。结论食管癌的发生存在性别、年龄、职业、文化程度、地区差异等特征,由于食管癌较差的预后存活率,准确地了解其发生的危险因素和采取有效预防措施成为防治食管癌的关键,对高危人群应加强防治工作,尽量早发现、早诊治。

Investigation risk factors of 506 patients with esophageal cancer in a grade 3A hospital from 2009 to 2011

Objective To explore the incidence and risk factors of esophageal cancer in a Grade 3A hospital,and to provide testimony for the formulation of tumor prevention measure.Methods The retrospective investigation method was used to analysis 506 patients with esophageal caner in a Grade 3A hospital from 2009 to 2011 by sex,age,occupation and other classification statistical analysis.Results The incidence of male patients was 79.84% and that of female patients was 20.16%,the ratio of male/female was 3.91:1,and high incidence of age was within the 50-59 years,which accounts for 43.48%.The incidence of cadres and workers was lower than that of farmers,and low incidence was in the people with high cultural degree.Majority of esophageal cancer occurs in the upper and central esophagus,and it was mainly squamous cell carcinoma.North Jiangsu area was one of the high incidence places of esophageal cancer,family history of cancer and smoking could increase the risk of esophageal cancer.Conclusion The occurrence of esophageal cancer has features of sex,age,occupation,education,and regional differences;Due to lower survival rate,of esophageal carcinoma,it is the key to accurate understand its risk factors and take effective preventive measures for esophageal cancer;Furthermore,early detection,early diagnosis and treatment are necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of high-risk populations.