重庆市部分地区2009～2011年度出生缺陷人群监测结果分析

目的收集2008年10月1日至2011年9月30日重庆市以人群为基础的出生缺陷监测数据,描述围产儿出生缺陷的流行病学特征及其动态变化趋势。方法采用以人群为基础的监测方法收集资料。调查对象为孕28周至生后42d随访的围产儿,包括活产、死胎和死产。结果共收集围产儿22 250例,出生缺陷儿166例。围产儿出生缺陷总发生率为74.61/万。男性发生率为83.75/万,女性为61.65/万;城市为97.00/万,农村为69.20/万。出生缺陷儿中早产儿占15.06%,低出生体质量儿占16.27%,围产期病死率为12.05%。结论加强孕产妇孕期保健和产前检查是降低出生缺陷发生率的有效措施;合理配置农村医疗保健资源,提高基层人员的产前诊断水平,加强基层监测人员生后诊断能力的培训对出生缺陷人群监测的开展有着非常重要的意义。

Analysis on population-based monitoring results of birth defects in Chongqing partial areas during 2009-2011

Objective To describe the epidemiological features and dynamic change trend of birth defects prevalence by collecting the data of population-based monitoring in Chongqing from October 2008 to September 2011.Methods The population-based monitoring method was adopted to collect the data of the perineonates from 28-week gestation to 42 d old including liveborn,dead fetus and stillbirth.Results 22 250 perineonates were collected.Among them,166 cases of birth defects were detected.The overall prevalence rate was 74.61 per 10 000 births,the prevalence rate was 83.75 per 10 000 for males and 61.65 per 10 000 for females,97.00 and 69.20 per 10 000 for urban and rural areas respectively.Among birth defects newborns,preterm accounted for 15.06% and lower birth weight accounted for 16.27%.The perinatal mortality was 12.05%.Conclusion Strengthening the pregnant health care and prenatal examination is an effective measure to reduce the incidence of birth defects.In birth defects monitoring,rational allocation of healthcare resources in rural areas,improving the level of prenatal diagnosis of the junior officers,and strengthen training diagnostic capabilities in grass-roots are all important.