南京市鼓楼区1999～2004年麻疹流行病学特征分析及控制策略探讨

目的分析南京市鼓楼区1999~2004年麻疹流行病学特征,提出控制麻疹策略。方法采用描述流行病学的方法,运用SPSS 11.0软件进行分析、评价。结果南京市鼓楼区1999~2004年共报告麻疹205例,常住人口年平均发病率为4.70/10万。常住人口发病以成人为主,≥18岁病例数占常住人口总病例数的77.99%;而流动人口以小年龄段为主,<10岁病例数占流动人口总病例数的71.74%。中学生和散居儿童病例分别占44.88%、17.07%。病例中有免疫史的占15.61%,无免疫史的占19.51%,免疫史不详的占64.88%。麻疹发病高峰在3~6月。结论人口频繁流动和免疫空白及免疫失败人群的自然积累是麻疹发病的主要原因。高覆盖率的常规免疫结合强化免疫活动和有效的疾病监测系统是控制麻疹的策略。

Epidemiological Characteristics Analysis and Control Strategies for Measles in Gulou District of Nanjing City From 1999 ～2004

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristic of measles in Gulou District of Nanjing City from 1999 to 2004 and to develop a series of strategies for measles control.Methods The data of epidemiological investigation and surveillance reports of infectious diseases were analyzed by using SPSS11.0 software.Results Among the total of 205 measles cases,the seasonal peak appeared from March to June.The majority of the native cases were adults,while cases of the floating population were mainly children.44.88% cases were students and 17.07% cases were children who live scattered.15.61% had measles vaccine immunization history,19.51% were non-vaccinated and 64.88% were uncertain.Conclusion The main factors leading to measles outbreaks were floating population,zero immunization,and failure of immunization.For control of measles outbreak,the effective strategies include improving the coverage rate of basic immunization, promoting booster vaccination of measles properly in floating population and reinforcing surveillance of epidemic situation.