Cell refractive index: Models,insights, applications and future perspectives |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Basic Sciences, Military College of Engineering, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan;2. Department of Physics, The Women University Multan, Pakistan;3. Department of Physics, Islamia College Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;4. Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany;5. Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar, Pakistan;1. Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China;2. Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen University and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China;3. Institute of Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Centre, Tianjin 300121, PR China;1. Brain Physiology Laboratory, CNRS UMR 8118, Paris, France;2. Fédération de Recherche en Neurosciences FR 3636, Faculté de Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France;3. Erasmus Mundus International Master Europhotonics-POESII, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany;4. Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics (KSOP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany;5. Aix Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7249, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France;1. Institute for Aerospace Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada;2. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, KA 560012, India;1. Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina |
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| Abstract: | Cell refractive index (RI) is an intrinsic optical parameter that governs the propagation of light (i.e., scattering and absorption) in the cell matrix. The RI of cell is sensitively correlated with its mass distribution and thereby has the capability to provide important insights for diverse biological models. Herein, we review the cell refractive index and the fundamental models for measurement of cell RI, summarize the published RI data of cell and cell organelles and discuss the associated insights. Illustrative applications of cell RI in cell biology are also outlined. Finally, future research trends and applications of cell RI, including novel imaging techniques, reshaping flow cytometry and microfluidic platforms for single cell manipulation are discussed. The rapid technological advances in optical imaging integrated with microfluidic regime seems to enable deeper understanding of subcellular dynamics with high spatio-temporal resolution in real time. |
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| Keywords: | Light propagation Scattering Optical imaging Interferometry Cell biology Refractive index Cell refractive index |
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