内关透刺外关的解剖学基础

目的研究内关透外关透刺针局部的毗邻结构。方法用福尔马林固定成人男性上肢标本26例,对内关、外关穴进行定位标识,毫针透刺后进行局部断层解剖。结果与透刺针密切相关的神经、血管、肌肉等毗邻结构依次为正中神经、骨间前神经、骨间后神经等神经干;正中动脉、静脉,骨间前动脉、静脉等血管;桡侧腕屈肌腱、掌长肌腱、指浅屈肌、指深屈肌、旋前方肌等前臂前群肌及前臂骨间膜,拇长伸肌、指伸肌、示指伸肌、小指伸肌等前臂后群肌。结论透刺针的长度以40 mm或50 mm为宜。正中神经是内关-脊神经节-心脏的主要联系途径,为了通过刺激正中神经达到治疗疾病的目的,应紧贴桡侧腕屈肌腱的尺侧进针。

Anatomic Basis of Point Neiguan-to-point Waiguan Acupuncture

Objective To study the adjacent structures of the region for point Neiguan-to-point Waiguan acupuncture.Methods Twenty-six specimens of male adult upper limbs were fixed with formalin.Points Neiguan（PC 6） and Waiguan（TE 5） were located and marked.Local sectional dissection was performed after penetrative insertion of a filiform needle.Results The adjacent structures including nerves,blood vessels and muscles closely related to the penetratively inserted needle were,in order,nerve stems： median nerve,anterior interosseous nerve and posterior interosseous nerve;blood vessels： median artery and vein and anterior interosseous artery and veins;anterior antebrachial muscle group： radiocarpal flexor tendon,long palmar tendon,superficial flexor of fingers,deep flexor of fingers and quadrate pronator muscle;posterior antebrachial muscle group： interosseous membrane of forearm,long extensor muscle of thumb,extensor muscle of fingers,extensor muscle of index finger and extensor muscle of little finger.Conclusion Forty or fifty mm is a suitable length for a penetrating acupuncture needle.The median nerve is a main connecting part of Neiguan-spinal ganglion-heart pathway.To achieve the purpose of treating diseases by stimulating the median nerve,a needle should be inserted close to the ulnar side of radiocarpal flexor tendon.