The impact of latency on surgical precision and task completion during robotic-assisted remote telepresence surgery. |
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| Authors: | Mehran Anvari Tim Broderick Harvey Stein Trevor Chapman Moji Ghodoussi Daniel W Birch Craig McKinley Patrick Trudeau Sanjeev Dutta Charles H Goldsmith |
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| Institution: | Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. anvari@mcmaster.ca |
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| Abstract: | OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that robotic-assisted remote telepresence surgery with a signal transmission latency of greater than 300 ms may not be possible. METHODS: We evaluated the impact of four different latencies of up to 500 ms on task completion and error rate in five surgeons after completion of three different surgical tasks. RESULTS: The surgeons were able to complete all tasks with a latency of 500 ms. However, higher latency was associated with higher error rates and task completion time (TCT). There were significant variations between surgeons and different tasks. CONCLUSION: Surgeons are able to complete tasks with a signal transmission latency of up to 500 ms. The clinical impact of slower TCT and increased error rates encountered at higher latency needs to be established. |
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