已婚流动妇女的婚姻及生育状况分析

目的:了解外来已婚妇女的婚姻和生育状况及其影响因素;评价“以现居住地为主”的计划生育综合干预对外米已婚妇女的婚姻观、生育观、生育意愿等观念的影响。方法:资料来源于1998年上海闵行区外来流动人口“以现居住地为主”的计划生育综合干预项目。结果:外来已婚育龄妇女初婚年龄小,平均为23.2岁。不同人口学特征的外来育龄妇女婚姻基础不同,来自江苏省、原籍职业为工人、低年龄组的妇女自由恋爱的比例大,婚姻满意度高。本次调查的外来妇女一孩率为68.8％,二孩率为22.6％,多孩率为0.7％。外来已婚妇女现有子女数的多元Logistic分析显示外来育龄妇女及其丈夫年龄大、初婚年龄小、在原籍未接受过计划生育宣传教育、婚姻基础为包办婚姻的妇女子女数多。此外,本研究还发现外来已婚育龄妇女的理想男孩数与妇女是否接受过计划生育宣传教育、丈夫职业、原籍、现有子女数等因素有关。结论:外来育龄妇女初婚年龄较小、早婚早育的现象仍较普遍。她们仍偏向生育较多的子女,对男孩的偏爱依然较明显。实行“以现居住地为主”的计划生育管理与宣传教育干预有助于加强流动人口的计划生育管理,转变外来育龄妇女的生育观和生育意愿。故应加强计划生育宣传力度,开展计划生育优质服务,促进上海市的计划生育工作。

Analysis of the Marital and Reproductive Status Among Married Female Migrants

Objectives: To understand the marital and reproductive status among married female migrants and to explore the influencing factors; to assess the effects of present - residence based integrated family planning intervention on the conversion of their attitudes toward marriage, child - bearing and reproductive desire. Method: The data used in this article came from the project of present - residence based family planning intervention among female migrants in Minhang District, Shanghai, during 1998. Results;the married female migrants were 23. 2 years old on the average at their first marriage. The women with different demographic characteristics had different marriage base. The survey showed that 68. 8% women had one child,22. 6% women had two children and 0. 7% women had more than two children. Besides,the multivariable logistic analysis indicated that those women with older age,with younger age at the first marriage,without receiving education and information about family planning before,and with independent marriage might have more children. And some factors such as husband's occupation, hometown place,family planning education,and number of children they had may influence the number of boys they desired for. Conclusion; the married female migrants were young at the first marriage. Early - marriage and early - fertility were still a common phenomenon. They still tended to have more children and preferred to boys. The implementation of present - residence based family planning was beneficial to strengthening the management of migrants,and changing their attitudes toward marriage and reproduction. We suggest that, more effort should be put into providing of family planning education, information and counseling; into the implementation of qualified service on family planning and the promotion of family planning in Shanghai.