Anterior cruciate ligament allograft transplantation for intraarticular ligamentous reconstruction |
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Authors: | OA Priv-Doz Dr M Goertzen A Dellmann J Gruber H Clahsen K F Bürrig |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, W-4000 Düsseldorf 1, Germany;(2) Department of Topographic Anatomy and Biomechanics, Anatomical Institute of the Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, W-4000 Düsseldorf 1, Germany;(3) Pathological Institute, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, W-4000 Düsseldorf 1, Germany;(4) Orthopädische Klinik und Poliklinik der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Moorenstrasse 5, W-4000 Düsseldorf 1, Germany |
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Abstract: | Summary A multiplicity of surgical operations have been developed in an attempt to achieve satisfactory function after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair. None of these procedures have been able to reproduce the fiber organization anatomy of attachment site, vascularity, or function of the ACL. Twenty-nine foxhounds received a deep-frozen bone-ACL-bone allograft and a ligament augmentation device (LAD). Biomechanical, microvascular, and histological changes were evaluated 3, 6, and 12 months following implantation. The maximum loads of the allograft/LADs were 34.3% (387.2N) after 3 months, 49.3% (556.6N) after 6 months, and 61.1% (698.8N) after a year. The maximum load was 69.1% (780 N). In general, after 6 months the allografts showed normal collagen orientation. The allografts demonstrated no evidence of infection or immune reaction. No bone ingrowth into the LAD was observed. Polarized light microscopy and periodic acid-schiff staining showed that the new bone-ligament substance interface had intact fiber orientation at the area of the ligament insertion. Microvascular examination using the Spalteholtz technique revealed revascularization and the importance of an infrapatellar fat pad for the nourishment of ACL allografts. |
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