2006-2008年上海市闵行区腹泻病病原菌的流行特征

目的了解上海市闵行区腹泻病病原菌的菌群分布以及变化趋势。方法采集2006-2008年闵行区3个监测点医院中腹泻患者的肛拭标本,做沙门菌、志贺菌、霍乱弧菌、副溶血弧菌及致病性大肠埃希菌、产毒性大肠埃希菌、侵袭性大肠埃希菌及出血性大肠埃希菌的检测。结果8104份肛拭标本中,病原菌的检出率为15.4%（1251/8104）,在这些病原菌中占前3位的分别为副溶血弧菌、志贺菌和沙门菌。沙门菌的优势血清型为肠炎沙门菌,志贺菌的优势血清型福氏志贺菌和宋内菌。2006-2008年每年病原菌的阳性率分别为17.1%（439/2564）、16.7%（497/2961）、11.1%（315/2849）,各病原菌的分布存在明显的季节性差异,以夏秋季阳性率较高。副溶血弧菌和沙门菌在中青年的阳性率较高,志贺菌在20～岁以下人群中阳性率较高。结论2006-2008年上海市闵行区腹泻患者中分离的病原菌以副溶血弧菌、志贺菌和沙门菌为主,初步揭示了上海市闵行区细菌性腹泻的病原谱及流行病学分布特征。

Epidemiological characteristics of pathogens of diarrhea in Minhang district of Shanghai,2006-2008

Objective To investigate the distribution of diarrhea pathogens and its change trend in Minhang district of Shanghai. Methods Stool samples were taken from patients with acute diarrhea in surveillance hospitals in Minhang from 2006 to 2008 to detect Salmonella （ SM ）, Shigella （ SH ）, Vibrio cholera （ VC ）, Vibrio parahaemolyticus （ VP ）, Enteropathogenic E. coli （ EPEC ）, Enterotoxigenic E. coli （ ETEC ）, Enteroinvasive E. coli （ EIEC ） and Enterohemorrhagic E. coli （EHEC）. Results A total of 1251 strains of pathogens were detected from 8104 stool samples （15.4%）, the majority were VP, SH and SM strains. The predominant strain of SM was Salmonella enteritidis, the predominant strains of SH were Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei. The annual detection rate of diarrhea pathogens from 2006 to 2008 was 17.1% （439/2564）, 16.7% （497/2961） and 11.1% （315/2849） respectively. The distribution of the pathogens showed obvious seasonality with higher detection rate in summer and autunm. The detection rate of VP and SM were higher among young adults, and the detection rate of SH was higher among the people less than 20 years old. Condusion The predominant pathogens were VP, SM, SH among the patients with acute diarrhea from 2006 to 2008 in Minhang district, which primarily revealed the pathogenic spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of bacterial diarrhea.