湘西自治州中小学传染病暴发疫情分析与对策

目的 分析1990-2004年湘西自治州中小学41起传染病暴发疫情流行病学特征，为有效控制学校传染病暴发疫情提供科学依据。方法 收集、整理暴发疫情流行病学相关资料，并进行综合分析。结果 （1）1990-2004年学校传染病暴发疫情平均罹患率为9．56％，其中农村学校暴发起数及罹患率均明显高于城镇学校。（2）暴发疫情1995年前以肠道传染病为主，1995年以后以呼吸道传染病为主。（3）暴发疫情报告时间远远迟于国家法定报告时限要求，是造成疫情扩散蔓延的主要原因之一。结论 加强学校健康教育，完善学校卫生设施建设，依法开展学校卫生管理工作是有效控制学校暴发疫情的主要措施。

Analysis & Solution of Infectious Disease Outbreaks in Middle School in the West of Hunan Province

Objective To provide the effective measures to control the infectious disease outbreaks in schools. Methods Gathering & comprehensive analysis on the statistical data of the 41 infectious diseases outbreaks occurred in the middle school Xiangxi district,and retrospective studies on the epidemiology characteristic of the 41 outbreaks from 1990 to 2004 were performed.Results From 1990 to 2004,the average annual incidence of infectious disease happened in the middle school was 9.56%,the incidence was obviously higher in the rural schools.Intestinal infectious diseases were dominant before 1995 but respiratory infectious disease dominant after 1995.The delayed report according to the statutory time was an important reason caused the epidemic spread. Conclusion Increasing the quality and quantity of health education,(enhancing) the healthcare facilities & legally development of the sanitation administration in the schools are the major measures for prevent and control of the emerging infectious disease outbreaks.