山东沿海成人超重和肥胖的流行病学特征分析

目的    了解山东沿海地区2004年超重和肥胖的流行特征，确定超重和肥胖的高危人群和地区。方法    采用随机、分层、整群抽样的方法调查烟台、威海、日照、东营、青岛沿海5城市的常住成年居民，通过面对面询问调查获取居民的一般情况，体检获取身高、体质量、腰围数据，分析超重和肥胖的发生率及其影响因素。结果    共调查≥18岁成年人4752人，体质量指数（BMI）均值为（24.12±3.57）kg/m2，男性［（24.22±3.43）kg/m2］与女性［（24.07±3.69）kg/m2］、城市［（24.22±3.56）kg/m2］与农村［（24.06±3.57）kg/m2］之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；腰围均值为（84.09±11.01）cm，男性［（86.69±10.36）cm］大于女性［(81.70±11.06）cm］，差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)，城乡之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；超重、肥胖、腹型肥胖的标化发生率分别为32.2%、13.3%、54.9%；超重发生率男性高于女性（35.6% vs 30.8%，P<0.01），城市高于农村（35.8% vs 32.4%，P<0.01）；肥胖和腹型肥胖发生率在性别和城乡之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；超重和肥胖的影响因素为性别、城乡、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、劳动强度、体育锻炼；年龄、饮酒、劳动强度、体育锻炼是腹型肥胖的影响因素。结论    2004年山东沿海地区有一半的成年人处于超重和肥胖状态，早期干预势在必行。

Epidemiological characteristics of overweight and obesity among adults of the Shandong coastal area in 2004

Objective    To investigate epidemiological characteristics of overweight and obesity among adults of the coastal area in Shandong Province in 2004, and to identify populations and  regions of overweight and obesity with high risk. Method    A random stratified cluster sampling was conducted in 5 coastal cities(Yantai, Weihai, Rizhao, Dongying, Qingdao). Data of general conditions were collected by face-to-face interview. Height and weight was obtained by physical examination. Prevalence and influencing factors of overweight and obesity were analyzed. Results    4752 participants were recruited . Mean body mass index(BMI) of the total population was（24.12±3.57）kg/m2 and no significant difference was found between males and females（24.22±3.43 vs 24.07±3.69, P>0.05), or cities and rural areas（24.22±3.56 vs 24.06±3.57, P>0.05）. Mean waist circumference(WC) was（84.09±11.01）cm and a significant difference was observed between males and females(86.69±10.36 vs 81.70±11.06, P<0.01), but not between cities and rural areas (P>0.05). The standardized prevalence rates of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity were 32.2%、13.3%、54.9%, respectively. The prevalence rates of overweight were higher in males than that in females (35.6% vs 30.8%，P<0.01), and in cities than that in rural areas（35.8% vs 32.4%，P<0.01). No significant differences were demonstrated between males and females, cities and rural areas in obesity and prevalence rates ofResults of logistic analysis showed the major factors influencing overweight included age, gender, location of residence,smoking/drinking habits, labor intensity, and physical exercises. Age, drinking habits, labor intensity, physical exercises were influencing factors of abdominal obesity. Conclusion    About half of the  residents of coastal areas in Shandong Province are overweight or obese, therefore, early interventions are desirable.