Impact of demographic,environmental, and lifestyle factors on vitamin D sufficiency in 9084 Japanese adults |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan;2. Department of Health and Nutrition, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata City 951-3198, Japan;3. Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Niigata City 951-3198, Kita-ku, Japan;4. Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;5. Murakami Public Health Center, 10-15 Sakanamachi, Murakami, Niigata 958-0864, Japan;6. Niigata Prefectural Office, 4-1 Shinkocho, Chuo-ku, Niigata City 950-0965, Japan;1. Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic;2. Clinic for Sports Medicine, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland;3. Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;4. Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic;1. Division of Nephrology and Kidney Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan;2. Product Research Department, Fuji Gotemba Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan;3. Tokyo Animal & Diet Dept., CLEA Japan, Inc., Tokyo, Japan;4. Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan;1. Internal Medicine, Hospital of Piombino, Livorno, Italy;2. FADOI Foundation, Research Department, Milan, Italy;3. Department of Locomotor System, Division of Rheumatology, ASL3-Azienda Sanitaria Genovese, Genoa, Italy;4. Section of Osteoporosis and Musculoskeletal Diseases, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomical–Pathological Sciences, University “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy;5. Rheumatology, “G. Pini” Institute, Milan, Italy;6. Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Italy;7. Internal Medicine, Hospital of Ceva, Cuneo, Italy;8. Internal Medicine, Hospital Pugliese-Ciaccio, Catanzaro, Italy;9. Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “S. Anna”, Ferrara, Italy;10. QBGroup SpA, Padova, Italy;11. Department of Internal Medicine I, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy;12. Medical Department, “Civile” Hospital, Legnano, Italy;13. Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy;1. Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, PR China;2. Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;3. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163316, PR China |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundLittle is known about correlates of vitamin D status in Asian populations. In this study, we established the prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency in the Murakami region (latitude N38°13′) in Niigata, Japan, and examined demographic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that might be associated with vitamin D sufficiency, with the aim of clarifying the relative contributions of previously described determinants of vitamin D status as well as identifying new determinants in this Japanese population.MethodsThis study involved a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data obtained from a cohort study conducted in 2011–2013. Participants were 9084 individuals aged between 40 and 74 years who provided blood samples for the determination of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D] concentrations. Lifestyle information was obtained from 8498 participants, with some missing values regarding different lifestyle factors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to obtain odds ratios for vitamin D sufficiency, which was defined as a plasma 25(OH)D concentration ≥ 75 nmol/L.ResultsThe prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency (i.e., plasma 25(OH)D concentration ≥ 75 nmol/L) was 9.1%, and significant associations were observed with male gender (P < 0.0001; OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.84–3.05), older age (P for trend < 0.0001), lower BMI (P for trend < 0.0001), higher METs score (P for trend = 0.0138), higher vitamin D intake (P for trend = 0.0467), summer season (P for trend < 0.0001), longer duration outdoors (P for trend = 0.0026), no sunscreen use (P = 0.0135; OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.07–1.82), higher salmon consumption (P for trend < 0.0001), higher alcohol consumption (P for trend < 0.0001), and lower coffee consumption (P for trend = 0.0025). Unlike other populations previously reported, vitamin D sufficiency was associated with older age.ConclusionsThe prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency (i.e., 25OH]D ≥ 75 nmol/L) was low (9.1%) in this Japanese population. A number of demographic, environmental, and lifestyle factors are associated with vitamin D sufficiency, and thus lifestyle modification may present an opportunity to achieve vitamin D sufficiency. |
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