放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率分析

目的分析介入放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率,为放射职业防护与管理提供依据。方法收集2020—2021年在湖南省职业病防治院进行职业健康体检的1243名医疗机构放射工作人员的体检资料进行分析。将职业类别为介入放射学的514人作为介入组,职业类别为诊断放射学的729人作为普放组。对两组人员的双着丝粒体+着丝粒环(dic+r)、无着丝粒体(ace)和染色体畸变异常检出率进行分析。结果介入组dic+r为(0.03±0.23)%,ace为(0.01±0.13)%,染色体畸变异常检出率为2.335%,均高于普放组的(0.01±0.09)%、(0.00±0.05)%、0.549%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。介入组不同性别的工作人员的Dic+r、ace和染色体畸变异常检出率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);介入组40岁以上人员的Dic+r和染色体畸变异常检出率高于≤40岁的人员(P<0.05);介入组人员的Dic+r、ace和染色体畸变异常检出率均有随工龄增加而增加的趋势(P<0.05)。结论介入放射工作人员染色体畸变检出率高于诊断X射线放射工作人员。需加强对介入放射工作者的职业健康管理,提高个人防护意识,保障其健康与职业安全。

Survey on chromosome aberration rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes among radiological workers in Hunan Province

  Objective  To observe the chromosome aberration rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes of radiological workers in Hunan Province, so as to provide a basis for occupational protection and management against radiation hazards in Hunan Province.  Methods  A total of 1 243 radiological workers who underwent occupational health examinations in this hospital from 2020 to 2021 were studied. Among them, 514 staff engaged in interventional therapy, and 729 staff worked in the radiology department. The indicators of dicentromeric + centromeric ring (dic + r), acentric (ace)and abnormal chromosome aberration were observed.  Results  The rates of (dic + r) (0.03% ±0.23%), ace (0.01% ±0.13%) and abnormal chromosome aberration (2.335%)of staff engaged in intervention therapy were significantly higher than those in the radiology department (0.01% ±0.09%, 0.00% ±0.05%, 0.549%, respectively) (P < 0.05).Among the staff engaged in interventional therapy, no significant difference in rates of dic + r, ace, and chromosome aberration was found between the male staff and the female staff (P > 0.05); the rates of dic + r and chromosome aberration of the above 40-year-olds were higher than the below 40-year-olds (P < 0.05);and the rates of dic + r, ace, and chromosome aberration increased gradually with the service time (P < 0.05).  Conclusions  The chromosome aberration rate of staff engaged in interventional therapy was higher than that of staff in the radiology department. It is necessary to strengthen the occupational health management of these staff, improve personal protection awareness, and ensure their health and occupational safety.