光学相干断层扫描血管成像在2型黄斑毛细血管扩张症中的应用进展

2型黄斑毛细血管扩张症(MacTel 2)是一种双侧、进展缓慢的视网膜神经退行性疾病，血管病变是其主要特征。光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)是检测MacTel 2的理想工具。OCTA显示，MacTel 2的毛细血管扩张最早出现在旁中心凹颞侧的深层毛细血管丛，与椭圆体带丢失密切相关。随后出现的旁中心凹血管密度降低最先累及小静脉相邻的毛细血管。而直角小静脉的发展可促进视网膜-脉络膜吻合形成。一部分晚期MacTel 2患者可进展为新生血管，而使用血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)抑制剂对未经治疗的新生血管效果显著。现就OCTA近期在MacTel 2中的应用进行综述。

Application of optical coherence tomography angiography in macular telangiectasia type 2

Macular telangiectasia type 2(MacTel 2)is a bilateral, slowly-progressive neurodegenerative disease of the retina mainly characterized by vascular changes. Optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)is the ideal tool for detecting MacTel 2. In the early stage of MacTel 2, the telangiectasia shown by OCTA first appeared in the deep capillary plexus on the temporal side of the parafovea, which was closely related to the loss of the ellipsoid zone. Subsequently, the vascular density in the parafovea decreased, primarily involving the capillaries adjacent to the venules. The development of right-angle venules can promote the formation of retinal-choroidal anastomoses. The telangiectasia of some patients with advanced MacTel 2 can progress to neovascularization, and the use of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors has a significant effect on untreated neovascularization. This paper reviews the application of OCTA in MacTel 2.