中国2005—2019年7~18岁汉族学生近视率的性别差异

  目的  探究中国7~18岁汉族学生近视率变化的性别差异，为精准防控儿童青少年近视提供科学依据。  方法  选取2005、2010、2014和2019年4次全国学生体质与健康调研数据中871 112名7~18岁学生的视力数据，分析各年龄段男女生近视率和近视率性别差异。  结果  中国7~18岁学生总体近视率在2005—2019年有所提高(χ2=7 265.06，P < 0.01)，近视率从2005年的47.9%上升至2019年的60.1%。学生近视率的性别差异呈减小趋势(χ2=72.24，P < 0.01)，在地区上呈现由南向北先降低后增大的“U型”分布。  结论  儿童青少年近视问题不容忽视，同时要重视男、女生近视率的差异，应根据性别做好精准近视防控工作。

Gender differences in myopia prevalence among Han students aged 7 to 18 years in China during 2005-2019

  Objective  To investigate gender differences regarding changes of myopia rates among Han Chinese students aged 7-18 years in China, and to provide a scientific basis for precise myopia prevention and control.  Methods  The visual acuity data of 871 112 students aged 7-18 years from four national student physical fitness and health surveys in 2005, 2010, 2014 and 2019 were selected to analyze gender differences in myopia rates and myopia rates among male and female students in each age group.  Results  The overall myopia rate of students aged 7-18 years in China increased from 2005 to 2019(χ2=7 265.06, P < 0.01), and the myopia rate increased from 47.9%(2005) to 60.1% (2019). Gender differences in myopia rates among students trended to decrease(χ2=72.24, P < 0.01), and showed an inverted "U-shaped" distribution from south to north, decreasing first and then increasing.  Conclusion  The problem of myopia in children and adolescents cannot be ignored, and the difference in myopia rates between male and female students should be taken into account, precise prevention and control of myopia accurately according to gender.