支链氨基酸对多囊卵巢综合征代谢与生殖的影响

多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovary syndrome，PCOS）是育龄期女性常见的生殖内分泌疾病，患者常伴有胰岛素抵抗、肥胖、不孕及不良妊娠结局等临床表现，严重影响女性身心健康。近年研究表明，支链氨基酸（branched-chain amino acid，BCAA）在PCOS患者体内存在代谢异常，并且可能作为标志物预测PCOS相关并发症的发生风险。BCAA作为人体的必需氨基酸，通过多种途径参与胰岛素的调节、调控脂肪的生成与分化，对维持机体稳态具有重要作用，同时其水平变化可能会影响女性的生殖功能。PCOS患者循环中BCAA过高可导致糖脂代谢紊乱，促进胰岛素抵抗和肥胖的发生，也可对育龄期患者排卵及妊娠造成不利影响。综述BCAA在PCOS糖脂代谢和生殖方面的作用及研究进展，以期为PCOS代谢与生殖方面疾病的诊治提供新思路。

Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acids on Metabolism and Reproduction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disease in women of childbearing age. Patients are often accompanied by clinical manifestations such as insulin resistance, obesity, infertility and poor pregnancy outcome, which seriously affect women′s physical and mental health. Recent studies have shown that some patients with PCOS have the metabolic abnormality of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), and that BCAA may be used as a marker to predict the risk of PCOS related complications. As an essential amino acid of human body, BCAA plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the body by participating in the regulation of insulin secretion, and fat generation and differentiation. The change of BCAA level will affect the reproductive function of women. In addition, the excessive level of serum BCAA in PCOS patients is related to the disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, the insulin resistance and obesity, and the adverse effect on ovulation and pregnancy in those patients of childbearing age. In this paper, the roles of BCAA in the metabolism of glucose and lipid and reproduction, as well as research progress, were reviewed, so as to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic and reproductive diseases in PCOS patients.