上海会展中心方舱医院新型冠状病毒奥密克戎变异株感染者临床特征

目的 分析方舱医院新型冠状病毒奥密克戎变异株感染者流行病学及临床特征以及感染者年龄、性别、疫苗接种情况对病程的影响,为新冠疫情防控提供参考。方法 以回顾性分析上海（国家）会展中心方舱医院2022 年4月9日—5 月31日收治新型冠状病毒感染者流行病学及临床特征,并进一步队列分析作者所在方舱分院新冠感染者年龄、性别及疫苗接种情况对患者病程的影响。结果 方舱医院174 466例新冠感染者中,男性为主,占比59.38%;以18~59岁青中年为主（占83.50%）,其次≥60岁老年组12.30%;平均住院时间7.40 d;发热患者占比27.79%;合并基础疾病者占15.37%（26 817/174 466）,前三位依次为高血压、糖尿病和冠心病;接种新冠疫苗者占比79.56%（13 799/17 956）,其中三剂比例最高44.09%。方舱医院作者所在分院17 956例新冠感染者病程时间为10.18（7.34,13.05） d,老年组感染者病程时间最长,11.34（8.35,14.37）d,随后依次为学龄前组11.17（9.07,14.33） d、中年组10.37（8.14,13.34） d、学龄组10.07（7.37,12.37） d、青年组9.34（7.05,12.16） d,五组感染者病程时间总体分布差异有统计学意义（H=550.479,P<0.01）。男性感染者病程时间为10.27（7.34,12.57） d,女性感染者为10.10（7.25,13.09） d,差异无统计学意义（Z=-1.505,P>0.05）。接种疫苗者病程时间为10.24（7.35,13.05） d,未接种者病程时间为9.47（7.09,12.47） d,两组感染者病程时间差值有统计学意义（Z=-4.338,P<0.01）。结论 新冠病毒奥密克戎变异株感染者男性比例高,以青中年为主,发热患者比例低于30%;病程时间明显低于武汉原始株,且随各年龄段呈现“V”分布;性别对病程无影响;接种新冠疫苗未对病程产生临床意义的影响。

Clinical features of COVID-19 Omicron variant cases in makeshift hospital of National Exhibition and Convention Center (Shanghai)

Objective To summarize and analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 Omicron variant cases in makeshift hospital, and the influence of age, sex and vaccination status on the disease duration, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 cases admitted to makeshift hospital of National Convention and Exhibition Center (Shanghai) from April 9 to May 31, 2022 were retrospectively described and analyzed, and further cohort analysis was conducted to determine the influence of age, sex and vaccination status on the disease duration of COVID-19 cases in the author's branch hospital. Results Among the 174 466 COVID-19 cases in makeshift hospital, most of them were male, accounting for 59.38%. The infected cases were mainly young and middle-aged people aged 18-59 years old, accounting for 83.50%, followed by 12.30% of the elderly group over 60 years old; the average hospital stay was 7.40 days; the proportion of patients with fever was less than 27.79%; 15.37% (26 817/174 466) of the patients complicated with underlying diseases, and the top three were hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease. The proportion of people who received COVID-19 vaccine accounted for 79.56% (13 799/17 956), of which the highest proportion of three doses was 44.09%. The disease duration of 17 956 COVID-19 cases in the author's branch of makeshift hospital was 10.18 (7.34, 13.05) days. The disease duration in the elderly group was the longest with 11.34 (8.35, 14.37) days, followed by 11.17 (9.07, 14.33) days in the preschool group, 10.37 (8.14, 13.34) days in the middle-aged group, 10.07 (7.37, 12.37) days in the school-age group, and 9.34 (7.05, 12.16) days in the young group. There was significant difference in the overall distribution of disease duration among the five groups (H=550.479 P<0.01). The disease duration in each age group basically showed a V-shaped distribution. The disease duration was 10.27 (7.34, 12.57) days in males and 10.10 (7.25, 13.09) days in females, and there was no significant difference (Z=-1.505 P>0.05). The disease duration of vaccinated patients was 10.24 (7.35, 13.05) days, and that of unvaccinated patients was 9.47 (7.09, 12.47) days. There was significant difference between the two groups (Z=-4.338 P<0.01). Conclusions COVID-19 Omicron variant cases have a high proportion of males, mainly young and middle-aged, and the proportion of fever patients is less than 30%. The disease duration is significantly lower than that of the original strain in Wuhan, and shows "V" distribution with each age group. Sex had no effect on the disease duration. COVID-19 vaccination did not have a clinical effect on the disease duration.