基于PSM设计的农区居民布鲁氏菌病危险因素分析

目的 利用倾向性评分匹配(PSM)法分析内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区布鲁氏菌病(简称布病)流行特点，探究布病感染的危险因素。方法 设计布鲁氏菌病调查问卷，对布病重点人群一般情况、防护知识和防护情况进行问卷调查，使用Epidata13.0软件建立数据库录入问卷，利用倾向性评分匹配方法选择符合病例对照研究的对象，使用SAS 9.4软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 经过倾向性评分匹配纳入病例组有152名，对照组有456名。通过单因素和多因素条件logistic回归分析结果显示1年内有过牲畜饲养行为的人群感染布病的危险性是没有饲养行为的3.119倍(95%CI:1.50～6.48,P<0.01);打扫圈舍的人群感染布病的危险性是不打扫圈舍人群的0.658倍(95%CI:0.44～0.99,P<0.05);而有接羔行为的人群感染布病危险性是没有接羔行为人群的1.684倍(95%CI:1.18～2.41,P<0.01)。结论 饲养牲畜、不清理圈舍和接羔等行为是布病感染的主要危险因素，饲养牲畜人员应提高对防护装备的使用率，并改变无防护措施接羔的行为。

Analysis of risk factors for brucellosis in rural residents based on PSM design

Brucellosis is the most widespread zoonotic disease worldwide. The prevalence of brucellosis in the Hulunbuir area of Inner Mongolia is increasing each year. Here, the propensity score matching method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in the Hulunbuir Area of Inner Mongolia, and to explore the risk factors for brucellosis infection. A self-designed brucellosis questionnaire was designed to investigate the general information (including the village, age, gender, nation, occupation, etc.)、protection knowledge and protection condition of the key population at risk for brucellosis. Epidata13.0 software was used to establish a database and input the questionnaire. The propensity score matching method was used to select cases meeting the case-control requirements. After propensity score matching, 152 cases and 456 controls were included. Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk of brucellosis infection in the population with livestock rearing behavior was 3.119 times that of the population without livestock rearing behavior within one year (95%CI: 1.50-6.48, P<0.01); the risk of infection in the population who cleaned the enclosure was 0.658 times that of those who did not (95%CI: 0.44-0.99, P<0.05); the risk of infection in the population who participated in lambing was 1.684 times that of those who did not(95%CI:1.18-2.41,P<0.01). Behavior factors such as raising livestock, failing to clean the enclosure and lambing are the main risk factors for brucellosis infection. Livestock keepers should improve the use rate of protective equipment and change their behavior of taking lambing without protective measures.