2015—2020年昆明市居民食用加工不当菜豆引起食源性疾病监测结果分析

目的分析2015—2020年昆明市居民食用加工不当菜豆引起食源性疾病的流行特征及入院治疗的影响因素,为今后开展针对性监测与防控工作提供科学依据。方法对《全国食源性疾病暴发监测系统》中2015—2020年昆明市所有由食用加工不当菜豆引起食源性疾病的病例信息进行统计分析。结果2015—2020年昆明市共报告因食用加工不当菜豆引起的食源性疾病病例2076例,报告病例呈逐年递增趋势,发病病例主要集中在第四季度,发病人群年龄分布在21~50岁。食用不同种类加工不当菜豆引起食源性疾病罹患率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中食用加工不当东北油豆的人群罹患率最高(54.12%)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,食用不同种类加工不当菜豆、不同场所就餐、不同地区患者住院率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中食用加工不当四季豆的人群住院率最高(3.59%)。食用加工不当四季豆、集体食堂用餐以及城区地区是病例住院的危险因素。结论针对食用加工不当菜豆引起食源性疾病流行特征和住院治疗影响因素,开展针对性精准有效防控措施。

Monitoring results of foodborne diseases caused by eating improperly processed beans among residents in Kunming City, 2015-2020

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of foodborne diseases caused by eating improperly processed beans and the factors affecting hospitalization among residents in Kunming City from 2015 to 2020, and to provide a scientific basis for carrying out targeted monitoring, prevention and control in future. Methods We statistically analyzed the information about all cases of foodborne diseases induced by eating improperly processed beans from the National Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System in Kunming City from 2015 to 2020. Results A total of 2,076 cases of foodborne diseases caused by eating improperly processed beans were reported in Kunming City from 2015 to 2020, and the reported cases showed an increasing trend year by year. The cases mainly occurred in the fourth quarter, and the age of onset was between 21 and 50 years old. The differences in the incidence rates of foodborne diseases caused by eating different types of improperly processed beans were statistically significant (P<0.05),amongwhich the incidence rate due to eating improperly processed northeast oil beans among the residents was the highest (54.12%). The results of multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that the differences in the hospitalization rates among patients eating different types of improperly processed beans, having meals at different places, and from different areas were statistically significant (P<0.05), among which the hospitalization rate of residents eating improperly processed kidney beans was the highest (3.59%). Eating improperly processed kidney beans, dining in collective canteens and coming from urban areas were risk factors for hospitalization. Conclusion Targeted, precise and effective prevention and control measures should be implemented based on the epidemic characteristics of foodborne diseases caused by eating improperly processed beans and the factors affecting hospitalization.