体验式健康教育对大学生2型糖尿病前期人群饮食控制的影响

  目的  了解体验式健康教育对大学生2型糖尿病前期人群饮食控制的影响，为促进大学生养成良好的饮食习惯提供参考。  方法  按照随机数字表法，将2020年9月—2021年6月从长治医学院筛查出的78例2型糖尿病前期大学生分为观察组和对照组(各39名)。对照组给予为期10个月的常规健康教育，每周1次，每次1 h；观察组在上述基础上进行体验式健康教育，每周1次，每次1 h，内容包括饮食体验、运动体验、血糖检测体验和慢性并发症体验等。比较两组大学生的血糖、血脂、体质量指数(BMI)水平以及饮食控制情况、饮食控制行为改变阶段分布等。  结果  观察组在干预后10个月的饮食控制行为改变阶段与对照组比较，差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.92，P < 0.05)。观察组在干预后10个月的饮食治疗依从性评分、饮食控制知识得分均高于同期对照组，差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.74，11.51，P值均 < 0.05)。观察组在干预后不同时间点的部分血糖、血脂指标以及BMI水平低于同期对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  体验式健康教育能够加深大学生2型糖尿病前期人群对糖尿病的认知，促使其主动改变自我管理行为，养成良好的饮食控制习惯，从而达到有效控制血糖的目的。

Effect of experiential health education on diet control of college students with type 2 pre-diabetes mellitus

  Objective  To understand the influence of experiential health education on diet control of college students with pre-diabetes mellitus, and to provide reference for healthy eating habits promotion among college students.  Methods  According to the method of random number table, 78 pre-diabetic college students screened from Changzhi Medical College from September 2020 to June 2021 were randomly assigned to observation group and control group (39 students in each group). The control group received routine health education for 10 months, once a week for 1 hour each time; On the basis of the above, the observation group received experiential health education once a week for 1 hour, including diet experience, exercise experience, blood sugar test experience and chronic complications experience. Blood glucose and lipids level, body mass index (BMI), dietary control as well as the stages of change for dietary control behavior were compared between the two groups.  Results  There was significant difference between the observation group and the control group in the stages of change for dietary control behavior 10 months after intervention (χ2=8.92, P < 0.05). The compliance score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group in the same period 10 months after the intervention (t=3.74, P < 0.01), the score of the knowledge of diet control in the observation group 10 months after intervention was significantly higher than that in the control group (t=11.51, P < 0.05). The levels of BMI, TG and TC in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 5 and 10 months after intervention, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Experiential health education helps to promote awareness of diabete-related knowledge, enhance self-management behavior and good diet control habits, and is effective for blood glucose control.