内蒙古自治区中学生脊柱弯曲异常现状及影响因素分析

  目的  了解内蒙古自治区中学生脊柱弯曲异常现状，并分析健康影响因素，为有效开展脊柱弯曲异常防控提供科学依据。  方法  采用分层随机整群抽样的方法，覆盖内蒙古自治区全部12个盟市(103个旗县区)，在每个城区随机抽取2所初中、2所普通高中、1所职业高中，每个郊县区随机抽取2所初中、1所普通高中，共纳入87 908名学生进行脊柱弯曲异常筛查和健康影响因素问卷调查。采用χ2检验进行人口学特征和单因素分析，采用二元多因素Logistic回归模型，筛选中学生脊柱弯曲异常的危险因素。  结果  共检出脊柱弯曲异常中学生3 131名，检出率为3.56%；男生(3.69%)脊柱弯曲检出率高于女生(3.44%)，城区(6.15%)高于郊县(2.50%)，高中生(4.97%)高于初中生(2.73%)，差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为4.10，702.19，299.36，P值均 < 0.05)；中学生脊柱弯曲异常率随年级升高而上升，年级越高，脊柱弯曲异常率越高(χ_趋势2=309.29，P < 0.05)。二元多因素Logistic回归结果显示，近视、超重、肥胖、班级座位调换频次、每天放学后做作业或读书写字时间、白天户外活动时间、平时对坐姿站姿自我要求、学段、性别、片区是中学生脊柱弯曲异常的相关因素(OR=0.53~2.55，P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  中学生脊柱弯曲异常与营养状况、近视、读写姿势、久坐时间、户外活动时长等密切相关，需要多部门齐抓共管，共建护脊环境，早发现早干预。

Abnormal spinal curvature and its influencing factors among middle and high school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

  Objective  To investigate the incidence of abnormal spinal curvature and related factors among middle school students in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide evidence for abnormal spinal curvature prevention and treatment.  Methods  By using a random stratified cluster sampling method, 87 908 students of middle and high school students from all 12 counties(districts) were investigated via questionnaires for abnormal spinal curvature and health influencing factors in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Chi-square test was used to perform demographic characteristics and univariate analysis, and binary multivariate Logistic regression model was used to screen the risk factors for spinal curvature abnormalities in middle school students.  Results  A total of 3 131(3.56%) students with spinal curvature abnormalities were detected, with boys (3.69%) higher than that of girls(3.44%), urban areas (6.15%) higher than that of the suburban counties (2.50%), and high school students (4.97%) higher than that of junior high school(2.73%) students(χ2=4.01, 702.19, 299.36, P < 0.05). The detectable rate of spinal curvature abnormalities increased with grade (χ_trend2=309.29, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that factors influencing abnormal spinal curvature included myopia, overweight, obesity, the frequency of classroom seating arrangements, time spent on homework/reading after school every day, time spent in daytime outdoor activities, self-imposed requirements for posture of sitting and standing, phase of studying, gender, and area (OR=0.53-2.55, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Abnormal spinal curvature is strongly correlated to nutritional status, myopia, sitting posture when reading and writing, sedentary time, and time spent in outdoor activities. The collaboration of multiple departments is required to establish anenvironment to protect the spine, early detection and early intervention.