慢性阻塞性肺疾病门诊患者营养状态及其影响因素分析

目的 评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病门诊患者的营养状态并分析其影响因素。方法 以2017年1月至2021年12月屯昌县人民医院和海口市第三人民医院的慢性阻塞性肺疾病门诊患者为研究对象,采用微型营养评估表（MNA）评估营养状态,收集患者的性别、年龄、学历、居住方式、体力活动、饮食行为、就诊方式、病程、疾病严重程度、合并基础疾病等基本资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者营养状态的影响因素。结果 共纳入慢性阻塞性肺疾病门诊患者997例,其中营养正常者582例（58.38%）,存在营养不良风险者305例（30.59%）,营养不良者110例（11.03%）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄（OR=2.712）、居住方式（OR=0.209）、体力活动（OR=0.481）、饮食行为（OR=0.693）、病程（OR=2.949）、疾病严重程度（OR=1.508）、合并基础疾病（OR=2.841）是慢性阻塞性肺疾病门诊患者营养不良的影响因素。结论 慢性阻塞性肺疾病门诊患者营养状态欠佳,受到个体年龄、病情、生活习惯等多方面因素影响,应关注营养不良高危人群,积极建立良好的生活行为习惯,改善营养状态,提高患者生活质量。

Nutritional status and its influencing factors of outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective To evaluate the nutritional status of outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and analyze its influencing factors. Methods Outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from the People's Hospital of Tunchang County and the Third People's Hospital of Haikou from January 2017 to December 2021 were selected to evaluate the nutritional status by using the mini-nutritional assessment （MNA）. The basic data of patients including gender, age, education level, living style, physical activity, eating behavior, medical treatment method, course of disease, the severity of disease, and combined underlying diseases were collected. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis method was used to analyze the influencing factors of nutritional status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results A total of 997 outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were included, including 582 patients （58.38%） with normal nutrition, 305 patients （30.59%） with malnutrition risk, and 110 patients （11.03%） with malnutrition. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age （OR=2.712）, living style （OR=0.209）, physical activity （OR=0.481）, eating behavior （OR=0.693）, course of disease （OR=2.949）, the severity of disease （OR=1.508）, combined underlying disease （OR=2.841） were the influencing factors of malnutrition in outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusions The nutritional status of outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is poor, which is affected by individual age, illness, living habits, and other factors. Attention should be paid to high-risk groups of malnutrition, and good living habits should be actively established to improve the nutritional status and quality of life of patients.