小胶质细胞在年龄相关性黄斑变性中的作用研究进展

小胶质细胞(MG)是中枢神经系统(CNS)重要的免疫效应细胞，也是存在于视网膜内的主要吞噬细胞，执行免疫监视、神经营养支持、清除碎片等功能，对维持视网膜突触结构和正常视觉功能有重要作用。年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)是临床上中老年人群常见的致盲性眼病，病因复杂但发病机制尚不明确，可造成不可逆的视力损伤。近年来有研究显示，MG迁移、增殖、激活、极化等过程与AMD的发病密切相关，可能是参与AMD病理过程的关键环节。本文就MG的来源、发育、生理功能及其在AMD发生发展中的作用机制进行综述，以期为今后研究及治疗AMD提供新的思路与方向。

Role of microglia in age-related macular degeneration and its research advance

Microglia (MG) is an important immune effector cell in the central nervous system and a main phagocyte in the retina. It performs immune surveillance, neurotrophic support, debris removal and other functions, playing an important role in maintaining the retinal synaptic structure and normal visual function. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common blinding eye disease in the elderly that can cause irreversible visual impairment, whose etiology is complex and pathogenesis is unclear. In recent years, it has been reported that the migration, proliferation, activation and polarization of MG are closely related to the pathogenesis of AMD and may be the key links in the pathological process of AMD. This article reviews the origin, development, physiological function and mechanism in the occurrence and development of AMD of MG in order to provide new ideas for future research and treatment of AMD.