广东惠州地区成人支气管哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎的流行病学调查分析

目的了解惠州地区支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）患者合并过敏性鼻炎的情况,分析两者在临床表现方面的相关性及调查对过敏性鼻炎认知程度和治疗现状。方法问卷调查惠州地区280例哮喘患者,详细了解其哮喘病史、严重程度分级、哮喘控制测试（asthma control test,ACT）评分、鼻炎情况包括患病情况、认知程度、相关家族遗传史及治疗现状等。建立相应个人数据档案,对数据进行统计学分析。结果 280例哮喘患者中,203例（72.50%）合并过敏性鼻炎,哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎组和单纯哮喘组在年龄、性别、病程间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎组、二级（轻度持续）、三级（中度持续）、四级（重度持续）例数均高于单纯哮喘组（P〈0.05）。ACT评分,完全控制、良好控制例数均低于单纯哮喘组（P〈0.05）,未控制哮喘高于单纯哮喘组（P〈0.05）。鼻炎情况过敏性鼻炎起病早于哮喘占59.61%,两者同时起病占17.24%,鼻炎诱因依次为冷空气（82.10%）,刺激性气体（61.58%）,25.62%患者做过过敏原测验,56.65%使用药物治疗鼻炎,27.10%直系三代有哮喘或过敏性鼻炎家族史。结论惠州地区哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎发生率高,认知程度较低,治疗现状不容乐观,为今后防治措施及相关研究提供依据。

Epidemiology analysis of patients with bronchial asthma combined with allergic rhinitis in HuiZhou

Objective To study the status of bronchial asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis in Huizhou,and to analyze the correlation of clinical characteristic between allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma,to investigate the patients ’cognitions and treatment situation about the allergic rhinitis.Methods The questionnaire survey of 280 cases of bronchial asthma in Huizhou,their medical history,severity,asthma control test(ACT) were investigated in details.the rhinitis survey included prevalence,cognition,family history and treatment situation.the patients,data were collected and analyzed.Results In 280 cases of bronchial asthma,203 cases(72.5%) combined with allergic rhinitis.There was no statistical significance(P>0.05) between the group of brochial asthma combined with allergic rhinitis and the group of simple brochial asthma on the age,sex,and the disease course.Compared with the group of simple brochial asthma on case,the group of brochial asthma combined with allergic rhinitis were more cases at the grade 2(mild persistence),grade 3(moderate persistence),and grade 4(severe persistence),and few cases in complete control,good control through ACT(P<0.05),while more cases in the uncontrol through ACT(P<0.05).Allergic rhinitis:in the the group of brochial asthma combined with allergic rhinitis,there were 59.61% of the patients got allergic rhinitis earlier than brochial asthma,about 17.24% got those two disease at the same time.The inducements of allergic rhinitis were cold air(82.10%),irritant gas(61.58%),about 25.62% patients had been allergen tested,56.65% patients had used drug treatment.27.10% patients had family history of brochial asthma or allergic rhinitis.Conclusions The morbidity of bronchial asthma combining with allergic rhinitis is high in Huizhou city,the cognition is low,and treatment status are not optimistic,which can be the basis of prevention and treatment in future.