早产儿生后早期电解质特点

目的分析早产儿生后早期血电解质变化特点，为早产儿正确补充电解质提供理论依据。方法回顾分析2004年1月～2007年12月云阳县人民医院儿科收治的86例小胎龄早产儿（胎龄〈34W），142例大胎龄早产儿（胎龄34～37W）和110例足月儿生后24h内血清电解质变化特点，采用日立7080全自动生化仪检测。结果两组早产儿组与足月儿组血钠、钾水平比较差异无统计学意义，平均值在正常范围内。而小胎龄早产儿组血钾高于大胎龄早产儿组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组早产儿组与足月儿组血钙水平比较差异有统计学意义∽〈0．05）。血钙的平均值随胎龄的增大而增高。小胎龄早产儿组血钙平均值〈2mmol／L。早产儿组与足月儿组血氮水平比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。足月儿组的血氟水平低于两个早产儿组，但血氯的平均值都在正常范围内。28％早产儿出现高钾血症。12％早产儿出现低钾血症。22％早产儿出现低钙血症。结论早产儿如出现低渗性脱水症状时应积极补钠，限制水摄入量。出现烦躁、惊厥或反复呼吸暂停时，应常规检查血钙，并静脉补钙。早产儿高钾一般不需处理。

Early after birth in preterm infants characterized by electrolyte

Objective Analysis of preterm infants after birth characteristics of the early changes in blood electrolytes. Premature infants for the correct theoretical basis for the provision of added electrolyte. Methods Retrospective analysis from January 2004 to December 2007 Yunyang County in December in the People＇s Hospital treated 86 cases of pediatric small for gestational age premature infants （Gestational age 〈34 weeks ） , 142 cases of large for gestational age preterm infants （gestational age 34-37 weeks） and 110 cases of fullterm infants within 24 hours after birth the serum electrolyte changes in the characteristics of the use of Hitachi 7080 automatic biochemical analyzer detection. Results Sodium group were premature babies＇ serum potassium levels had no significant difference,on average within the normal range,the two groups of premature infants is lower than average blood satisfied group of full-term infants （P〈0.05）. Preterm infants small for gestational age group and full-term infants group calcium levels were significantly different （P〈0.05）. The average serum calcium increased with gestational age and increased. Preterm infants small for gestational age group the average serum calcium,2mmol / L. Two groups of premature infants and full-term infants compared group differences in chlorine levels in the blood were significantly （P〈0.05） full-term infants less than chlorine levels in the blood of two groups of premature infants,but the average blood chloride in the normal range inside. 28% of premature infants appear hyperkalemia,12% hypokalemia occur in preterm infants,22% of hypocalcemia. Conclusion The premature infant hypotonic dehydration if symptoms appear to be satisfied that a positive complement to restrict water intake, there irritability, convulsions or repeated apnea should be routine examination of blood calcium,and intravenous calcium supplement. Hyperkalemia in preterm infants do not need to deal with under normal circumstances