动物伤人流行病学分析及防制措施

目的 调查2002-2004年深圳市宝安区辖区内居民被动物致伤者的分布特点及相关因素分析，制定防制措施。方法 采用回顾性调查14岁以下儿童及〉14岁两组人群，随机抽样708例14岁以下儿童，分幼儿、学龄前、学龄儿童三组人群，列表分析及卡方检验。结果 辖区伤人动物以犬为主，3年来14岁以下儿童被动物致伤总人数每年以6．97％的幅度下降，〉14岁组每年以4．32％的幅度上升，伤口类型为重度的发生率14岁以下儿童每年以49.35％的幅度上升，且P〉0．05，两组人群无差异。随机抽样三组儿童，伤口类型重度发生率、全程注射疫苗率、正确处理伤口率，均为P〉0.05，差异无显著性，预防及时率P〈0．01，差异有显著性，可见随着年龄增大预防不及时率增高。结论相关部门应加大对犬只的制度化管理，扩大犬只的免疫接种率，对市场犬只进行检疫；医务人员应严格执行WHO推荐的暴露狂犬痛后的伤口类型及处理方法；应将动物伤人纳入学校安全教育内容。

Epidemiological analysis of animal attack on human and preventive and control measures

Objective To investigate the characterics and correlation factors of animal attack human being in the district during 2002 to 2004, and to make the measures of preventin and control. Methods The children aged under 14 and over 14 divided into two groups with respectrory investgation. 708 cases aged under 14 were chosen randomly, and divided into three groups: infants, before going - school and school children, and list analysis and analysis were tested. Results Dogs were main reason of anmial attack human being in the district.In recent 3 years,patients under 14 decreased 6.97% per year, and those over 14 increased 4.32% per year. The rate of serious kind of hurt inhanced 49.35% per year in the children aged under 14,There was no differnce between two groups. Three groups' children were chosen randomly, and the rate of hurt kind, caccination and dealing with weren't significant differed from each other, but the rate of prevention in time was differed from each other, and increasing according to the adding of ages. Conclusion Dogs should be managed by schedule under correspondent department, the rate of dog' s vaccination should be inhanced , dogs in the market should be quaranteed. Medical staffs, should abide by WHO' s ways how to handle with hurt explosed to rabies, and those should be adopted into the texts of safe education in school.