产妇0～6个月母乳喂养现状及其影响因素

目的：了解0～6个月产妇对婴儿进行母乳喂养的情况，探讨影响6个月纯母乳喂养的因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法进行抽样，在全国的东、中、西部分别抽取一个省（市）；在每个省（市）分城乡两层，全国共抽取24个社区卫生服务中心、24个乡镇卫生院。由社区卫生服务中心（乡镇卫生院）召集所有其辖区范围内或曾在该医院分娩的0～6个月产妇，由调查员对产妇进行问卷调查。调查使用“母乳喂养的现况及影响因素调查问卷”，对产妇母乳喂养情况进行分析。结果0～6个月产妇纯母乳喂养率为34.5％，65.5％产妇未能坚持纯母乳喂养，主要原因为产妇自觉“乳汁分泌不足”。多因素分析结果显示，汉族、教育水平不高、无业、剖宫产、县级以上医院分娩以及分娩后1 h 以上开奶是影响0～6个月产妇进行纯母乳喂养的重要因素。结论为保证0～6个月纯母乳喂养率持续稳步提升，应针对影响纯母乳喂养的因素，采取特殊时点强力干预、特殊人群个性指导、县级机构加强管理、认知误区及时纠正等应对措施。

Breast-feeding patterns of women at 0-6 months postpartum and influencing factors

Objective To understand the current situation of feeding patterns of women at 0-6 months postpartum period,and to explore factors associated with exclusive breast-feeding. Methods A stratified multistage cluster sampling method was used to select women who delivered in the previous 6 months.The questionnaire used was modified according to the UNICEF standardized questionnaire by consulting relevant experts and front-line staff. Results The exclusive breast-feeding rate of women at 0-6 months postpartum was 34.5%.The main reason of non-exclusive breast-feeding was insufficient milk supply.The results of multivariate analysis showed that ethnic Han,low maternal educational level, unemployed,cesarean delivery,delivery at the medical institutions above the county level,and initiation of breast-feeding within the first hour of life were associated with decreased likelihood of exclusive breast-feeding. Conclusion To maintain steady growth of exclusive breast-feeding,we should adopt active strategies,including strong interventions at 5-6 months postpartum,individualized health management for women with cesarean section,supervision of medical institutions above the county level,and correcting misperceptions about breast-feeding.