城乡育龄妇女孕前心理压力及妊娠结局研究

目的：对育龄妇女的基本情况、孕前心理压力和妊娠结局进行城乡比较，为改善城乡育龄妇女的孕前健康状况提供科学依据。方法选取2010—2013年参加国家免费孕前健康检查的健康、初孕育龄妇女560525人，分析城乡育龄妇女的孕前心理压力和妊娠结局分布情况，并应用 Logistic 回归分析方法分析城乡因素对育龄妇女孕前心理压力和妊娠结局的影响。结果城市育龄妇女的平均年龄显著高于农村育龄妇女；城市育龄妇女多为高学历人群，职业多为教师、公务员、职员或工人；而农村育龄妇女多为初中学历，农民。城市育龄妇女感到有心理压力的比例（40.0％）显著高于农村育龄妇女（20.0％），孕前有心理压力的发生比是农村育龄妇女的1.35倍。城市育龄妇女不良妊娠结局比例（6.8％）高于农村育龄妇女（5.9％），不良妊娠结局的发生比是农村育龄妇女的1.08倍。结论参加国家免费孕前优生健康检查的育龄妇女在人口学特征、孕前心理压力和妊娠结局等多方面存在城乡差异。

Comparative study on preconception psychological stress and pregnancy outcomes of women of childbearing age between urban and rural areas

Objective This study compared the basic characteristics,preconception psychological stress and pregnancy outcomes between urban and rural areas,in order to provide a scientific basis for improving the preconception health of women of childbearing age who were from urban areas and rural areas. Methods 560 525 healthy and first pregnant women were chosen from the national free preconception health checkups in 2010 to 2013.The data were analyzed by SPSS20.0.The distributions of preconception psychological stress and pregnancy outcomes for urban and rural women of childbearing age were analyzed by using t-test,chi-square test.And logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the effect of urban and rural factors on preconception psychological stress and pregnancy outcomes. Results The age of women of childbearing age in urban was significantly higher than that in rural areas;most of them had higher educational levels and their occupations were teachers,civil servants,clerks or workers.However,the women of childbearing age in rural areas were farmers and had educational levels of junior middle school.The women from urban who felt psychological stress had significantly higher proportion than that from rural;and the rate of live-birth in urban areas was lower than that in rural areas. Conclusion There were many differences for women of childbearing age on the basic characteristics, preconception psychological stress and pregnancy outcomes between urban and rural areas.