神经元钙通道及钙拮抗剂的抗脑缺血作用

目的综述中枢神经系统内钙通道在脑缺血方面的作用及钙拮抗剂的抗脑缺血作用。方法根据近年国内外公开发表的有关文献,从神经元钙通道的分型及功能、胞内Ca2+与缺血性神经元损伤以及各类钙拮抗剂对脑缺血及其所致神经元损伤的影响等方面,阐述神经元钙通道及钙拮抗剂的抗脑缺血作用。结果至少有6种形式的电压依赖性钙通道,在不同部位的分布与特定功能相关,对调节神经元的兴奋性、神经递质的合成与释放、神经元的营养和发育起重要作用。脑缺血时脑细胞的损伤与L-电压依赖性钙通道开放致Ca2+内流有关,NMDA受体和L-电压依赖性钙通道是脑缺血时神经元Ca2+增多从而致细胞死亡的源头。结论深入认识中枢神经系统钙通道各亚型及其在脑缺血时神经元的信号转导过程中的作用,有助于钙拮抗剂的开发,为神经保护剂的研发提供了可能。

Neuronic calcium channel and anti-cerebral ischemia effect of calcium antagonists

Objective To review the effect of calcium channels in central nerve system(CNS) on cerebral ischemia and the anti-cerebral ischemia effect of calcium antagonists.Methods According to the related original articles which had recently been published at home and abroad in public,the type and the function of neuronic calcium channels,intracellular Ca2 and ischemic neuron damage as well as the influence of various kinds of calcium antagonists on cerebral ischemia and the resultant neuron damage were expounded.Results There are at least six types of voltage-dependent calcium channel,their distribution in different zones resulted in specified function,such as regulating the excitability of neurons,the biological synthesis and release of the neurotransmitters,the nourishment and development of the neurons.The damage of cerebral cells was related to the Ca2 entrance during the ischemia.Stirring NMDA and L-voltage-dependent calcium channel could result in the increase of Ca2 in the cytoplasm,which led to cells' death.Conclusions Further studies on various kinds of calcium channel subtypes in the CNS and their effects on the neuronic signal transduction in cerebral ischemia are helpful to exploit calcium antagonists and provide foundation to the research and exploitation on neuroprotective drugs.