抗磷脂抗体综合征肠系膜血管血栓形成的特点

目的 了解抗磷脂抗体综合征(APS)患者发生肠系膜血管血栓的特点.方法 在Pubmed及中国生物医学文献数据库(1983年1月至2007年7月)检索、分析、总结有关APS发生肠系膜血管血栓的病例报道.结果 共检索病例报道21例,男性13例,女性8例,年龄5个月～69岁,平均(37±17)岁.既往深静脉血栓形成病史3例(14%),自然流产史4例(19%).病程4 h～4个月.表现腹痛18例(86%)、便血或黑粪4例、呕吐3例、腹泻2例、呕血2例,其他有发热等表现.查体腹部压痛10例(48%)、腹膜刺激征5例(24%)、移动性浊音3例、肠鸣音减弱或缺如3例.10例行B超检查,其中3例(33%)检测到肠系膜血管血栓,13例行CT检查者中9例(69%)发现肠系膜血管血栓,4例行磁共振成像(MRI)检查及4例行多普勒超声均发现肠系膜血管血栓(100%),6例通过血管造影证实血栓形成.21例中抗心磷脂抗体阳性18例(86%),其中IgG型占14例(67%).16例行剖腹探查,发现肠缺血坏死者9例(56%).21例中肠系膜上静脉血栓17例(81%),肠系膜上动脉血栓4例(19%),肠系膜下动脉血栓1例(5%),其中肠系膜静脉血栓中7例同时存在门静脉血栓(33%).结论 APS肠系膜血管血栓以肠系膜上静脉为主,常同时存在门静脉血栓,男性略多,中青年略多,可有血栓或自然流产史,可急性起病或逐渐进展,常表现为肠梗阻、肠缺血坏死,IgG型抗心磷脂抗体阳性多见,多种影像学方法联合检测利于及时发现血栓,抗凝及必要时及时手术对多数患者有益.

The characteristics of mesenteric vascular thrombosis in patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

Objective To investigate the characteristics of mesenteric vascular thrombosis (MVT) in patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS).Methods The cases reports about MVT in patients with APS were searched in Pubmed and Chinese biomedical database (1983.1-2007.7) and then were analyzed.Results There were 13 males and 8 females in 21 patients.The average age was (37±17) years (5months～69 years).Three cases (14%) had a history of deep venous thrombosis and 4 (19%) had spontaneous abortions.The course of disease was 4 hours to 4 months.The clinical manifestations included abdominal pain 18 (86%),hemafecia or melaena 4 (19%),vomiting 3 (14%),diarrhea 2 (10%),hematemesis 2(10%).Physical signs included abdominal tenderness in 10(48%),peritoneal irritation signs in 5 (24%),shifting dullness in 3 (14%) anddecreased bowel sounds in 3 (14%).Mesenteric vascular thrombosis were detected through B uhrasonography (3/10,33%),abdominal CT (9/13,69%),MRI (4/4,100%),Doppler ultrasound (4/4,100%),angiography (6/6,100%).Eighteen cases (86%) had positive anti-cardiophospholipin antibody and 14 (67%) were IgG-subtype.Lupus anticoagulants were detected in 4 (19%).Sixteen cases reee-ived exploratory laparotomy,lsehemia or necrosis of intestine were found in 9(56%).In 21 cases,superior mesenteric vein thrombosis,suprior mesenteric artery thrombosis,inferior mesenteric vein thrombosis,inferior mesenteric artery thrombosis were discovered in 17 (81%),4 (19%),0 (0%),1 (5%)patients respectively.Portal vein was also involved in 7 (33%) cases who had superior mesenteric vein thrombosis.Conclusion Superior mesenteric vein is usually involved in patients with APS who have MVT.MVTs are always occurr in middle-age male patients.Some patients have deep vein thrombosis or spontaneous abortion before MVT.The disease may be fulminant or had is insidious in onset.Abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction are the most common manifestations.IgG-subtype anticardiophospholipin antibodiesare the common antibodies discovered in these patients.Combined more than one image methods can detect the thrombi effectively.Anticoagulation and essential exploratory laparotomy are effective interventions in most cases.