某铁路企业2008-2012年职业病危害因素检测情况及防治对策

目的为了解和掌握工作场所主要职业病危害因素的种类和强度,明确职业病危害控制重点并采取防治措施,保护劳动者健康。方法对作业场所粉尘、二氧化锰、苯及苯系物浓度和噪声强度进行检测,根据检测结果计算时间加权平均浓度和8小时等效声级,对照职业接触限值对作业场所进行职业卫生评价。结果经统计学分析不同年份噪声作业点噪声强度超标率有差别(p<0.05),其它有害因素作业点不同年份超标率均无差别(p>0.05)。二氧化锰、粉尘、苯及苯系物浓度及噪声强度最高的分别是货辆段电焊作业、机务段空气滤芯器吹扫作业、货辆段喷漆作业、机务段机车水阻负荷试验。结论加强局部通风排毒,用无苯溶剂代替有苯溶剂及作业人员实行轮班制作业等措施可有效降低时间加权平均浓度和8小时等效声级。对于流动及密闭空间作业和噪声作业的防护措施还有待进一步加强。

Testing Prevention and cure on Occupational hazard factors in ralway 2008-2012

Objective To Understand and master the type and intensity of the occupational hazard factors in workplace, to clear the control points of occupational hazards and so take preventive measures, to protect the health of workers. Methods Workplace dust, manganese dioxide, benzene and BTEX concentrations and noise intensity were detected. According to the test results the time-weighted average concentration and 8-hour equivalent sound level were calculated. And then, workplaces occupational health was assessed comparing to the standard of occupational exposure limit. Results Statistical analysis found out that the noise different operating year exceeded the rate exceeded the rate of the Noise-exposed different years in the cause of the occupational hazards in different years （p〈0.05）, no difference between other harmful factors Year excessive rate （,o〉0.05）. The highest group in manganese dioxide, dust, benzene and BTEX concentration and the highest group of noise intensity respectively was the group of goods vehicles segment welding operations, the locomotive depot air filter purge jobs, the goods vehicles segment painting jobs, the locomotive depot locomotive water resistance load test. Conclusion The time-weighted average concentration and 8-hour equivalent upgrade can be effectively reduced after strengthening the local ventilation detoxification, using benzene solvent instead of benzene solvent as well as a shift for workers. Meanwhile, protective measures would be further strengthened for flow and confined spaces and working noise.