Motivational interviewing and screening colonoscopy in high-risk individuals. A randomized controlled trial

Objective

To measure the impact of motivational interviewing (MI) on cancer knowledge and screening practice among first degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with colon cancer.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial targeted patients with colon cancer first to recruit their possible FDRs. Digit randomization of the eligible index patients into intervention or control groups resulted in allocating their belonging FDRs to the same study arm. FDRs (n?=?120) in intervention arm received MI counseling on phone by a trained oncology nurse and FDRs (n?=?120) in control group received standard generic information by a physician on phone. Primary outcome was the rate of documented colonoscopy in FDRs within six months after the baseline.

Results

A total of 227 FDRs were followed up, 115 in the intervention and 112 in the control group. At follow-up, the uptake of screening colonoscopy in the intervention group was 83.5% versus 48.2% in controls (crude odds ratio, 5.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.9–10.0, P?<?.001).

Conclusion

This was the first randomized controlled trial in Iran that confirmed the efficaciousness of a phone-based MI counseling in improving colonoscopy uptake among family members of patients with colon cancer.

Practice implications

Phone-based motivational counseling that involves trained nurses or health providers seems to be feasible approach in Iran health system and enhances screening for colon cancer.