上海市长宁区学龄儿童消化不良症状发生情况及其与膳食模式的关联研究

 为调查上海市长宁区学龄儿童消化不良症状的发生情况，研究膳食模式对其影响，于2019年9月采用整群抽样方法从长宁区5所小学选择304名7~11岁健康儿童，使用问卷调查基本信息、生活习惯、食物消费情况和消化不良症状的发生情况。采用因子分析提取膳食模式，通过Logistic回归分析膳食模式与学龄儿童消化不良症状的关系。半年内腹痛、腹泻、便秘和口臭分别占42.4%（123/290）、48.3%（140/290）、39.1%（115/294）和50.7%（148/292）。年龄大、男孩、母亲超重或肥胖、吸烟和饮水量低可能是消化不良症状的危险因素，父母高学历可能是消化不良症状的保护因素。处于海产品膳食模式高分组的儿童半年内腹泻（OR=1.87，95% CI：1.10~3.20）和便秘（OR=1.80，95% CI：1.06~3.06）发生率较高。处于奶制品膳食模式高分组的儿童半年内腹痛（OR=0.54，95% CI：0.32~0.91）和腹泻（OR=0.51，95% CI：0.30~0.87）发生率较低。处于传统膳食模式高分组的儿童半年内腹泻（OR=0.51，95% CI：0.30~0.87）发生率较低。处于高热量膳食模式高分组的儿童半年内腹痛（OR=1.78，95% CI：1.06~2.99）和口臭（OR=1.86，95% CI：1.11~3.12）发生率较高。上海市长宁区学龄儿童消化不良症状发生情况较高，膳食模式可能影响学龄儿童消化不良症状的发生。

Investigation of dyspepsia in school-age children in Changning District of Shanghai,China and its association with dietary patterns

To investigate the incidence of dyspepsia in school-age children in Changning District of Shanghai and to study the effect of dietary patterns on it, a total of 304 healthy children aged 7-11 years were selected from 5 primary schools in Changning District in Sep 2019.The basic information, living habits, food consumption and the incidence of dyspeptic symptoms were investigated by questionnaire. Factor analysis was used to extract dietary patterns, and Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and dyspeptic symptoms of school-age children.The number of people with abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation and bad breath within half a year accounted for 42.4% (123/290), 48.3% (140/290), 39.1% (115/294) and 50.7% (148/292), respectively.Increasing age, boys, overweight or obese mothers, smoking and low water intake may be risk factors for dyspeptic symptoms, and a high degree of parental education may be a protective factor for dyspeptic symptoms.Children in the high group of seafood dietary pattern had an increased incidence of diarrhea (OR=1.87, 95%CI:1.10-3.20) and constipation within half a year (OR=1.80, 95%CI:1.06-3.06).Children in the high group of dairy dietary pattern had a lower incidence of abdominal pain (OR=0.54, 95%CI:0.32-0.91) and diarrhea (OR=0.51, 95%CI:0.30-0.87) within half a year. Children in the high group of traditional diet pattern had a lower incidence of diarrhea within half a year (OR=0.51, 95%CI:0.30-0.87).Children in the high-calorie dietary group had an increased incidence of abdominal pain (OR=1.78, 95%CI:1.06-2.99) and bad breath (OR=1.86, 95%CI:1.11-3.12) within half a year. School-age children in Changning District of Shanghai have a higher incidence of dyspeptic symptoms, and dietary patterns may affect the occurrence of dyspeptic symptoms in school-age children.