移植肾动脉狭窄的超声诊断研究进展

 肾移植是当前终末期肾病最理想的治疗方法，虽然外科技术的提高及免疫抑制剂的应用使得肾移植术后的并发症有所下降，但血管并发症仍是导致移植肾功能障碍和肾移植失败的主要原因。移植肾动脉狭窄（transplant renal artery stenosis，TRAS）是肾移植术后最常见的血管并发症，其可导致药物难以控制的高血压及肾功能损害。因此，肾移植术后长期随访，早期发现TRAS并及时干预至关重要。大量的研究表明，相较于其他影像学方法，常规超声及超声造影（contrast-enhanced ultrasound，CEUS）在肾移植术后的监测及TRAS的诊断方面有其独到的优势，为临床及时干预提供可靠的依据。本文就常规超声及CEUS在诊断TRAS方面的应用进展作一综述。

Research progress on ultrasound diagnosis of transplant renal artery stenosis

Renal transplantation is currently the most ideal treatment for end-stage renal disease.Although the improvement of surgical technique and the application of immunosuppressant reduce the complications after renal transplantation,vascular complications is the most common cause of renal allograft dysfunction and failure.Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is the most frequent vascular complication after renal transplantation.It may lead to medically refractory hypertension,deteriorating renal function,and even graft loss if it can not been treated in time.Therefore,long-term follow-up after renal transplantation,early detection and timely intervention of TRAS are very important.A large number of studies have shown that,conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) have advantages in monitoring after renal transplantation and diagnosis of TRAS over other imaging methods and can provide reliable evidence for timely clinical intervention.This paper summarizes the research progress of conventional ultrasound and CEUS in the diagnosis of TRAS.