新生儿败血症病原菌及耐药性10年回顾性分析

目的 分析新生儿败血症病原菌分布随时间的变化规律及抗生素耐药情况。 方法 收集2010年1月至2019年12月中南大学湘雅二医院10年来确诊的新生儿败血症的相关资料，分析新生儿败血症的发生率、病原菌分布情况及抗生素耐药特点。 结果 新生儿败血症的发生率为4.02%（447/11 111）。排名前4位的菌株依次为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（coagulase-negative staphylococci，CoNS）、肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌和念珠菌属。败血症发生率和病原菌占比分布随时间无明显变化趋势。肺炎克雷伯菌在早产儿（33.9%）、极低出生体重儿（29.5%）、小于胎龄儿（42.5%）中均为检出比例最高的菌株。CoNS、肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌对青霉素类抗生素和第三代头孢菌素的耐药率均较高。 结论 新生儿败血症的发生率较高，病原菌以CoNS为主，对青霉素类抗生素和第三代头孢菌素的耐药率较高。应加强新生儿感染防控和病原菌监测，进一步规范抗生素的合理运用。

A 10-year retrospective study of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in neonatal sepsis

Objective To investigate the changes in the pathogen spectrum and antimicrobial resistance over time in neonatal sepsis. Methods The medical data were collected from the neonates who were diagnosed with sepsis in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2010 to December 2019. The incidence rate of sepsis, the pathogen spectrum, and the characteristics of antimicrobial resistance were analyzed. Results The incidence rate of neonatal sepsis was 4.02% (447/11 111). The top four pathogens detected were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Candida. The incidence rate of sepsis and the pathogen spectrum showed no significant changes over time. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequent pathogen in preterm infants, very low birth weight infants, and small-for-gestational-age infants, accounting for 33.9%, 29.5%, and 42.5%, respectively. CoNS, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli had a high resistance rate to penicillins and third-generation cephalosporins. Conclusions The incidence of neonatal sepsis is high, and the main pathogen is CoNS. The pathogens of neonatal sepsis have a high resistance rate to penicillins and third-generation cephalosporins. It is recommended to enhance the prevention and control of neonatal infection, strengthen the surveillance of pathogens, and further standardize the rational use of antibiotics.